By 2020, 10% of transport energy demand met by renewable energy sources. National Renewable Energy Action Plan
By 2020, 30% reduction of GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels. (NDC)
Participates in the EU ETS (Norway Links with EU ETS). 2013 cap for emissions from fixed installations is set at 2,084,301,856 allowances as part of Phase 3. Between 2013-2020, this cap decreases each year by 1.74%, amounting to a reduction of 38,264,246 allowances each year (EU Emissions Cap). Auctioning is the default method for allocating allowances and 300 million allowances set aside in the New Entrants Reserve to fund the deployment of innovative renewable energy technologies and carbon capture and storage through the NER 300 programme (Phase 3). In 2021, the pace of annual reductions in allowances increases to 2.2% as of 2021 as part of Phase 4. Phase 4 will also continue the free allocation of allowances as well as include low-carbon funding mechanisms (Phase 4).
Aims to encourage investments in highly efficient horizontal technologies, with a current focus on industrial pumps, alongside action to promote the in-house use of waste heat. Program covers investments to replace existing equipment as well as investments in new equipment and targets SMEs and large companies. A maximum of €30,000 is available for individual measures per project, or a maximum of €150,000 for measures to improve entire systems. The latter are eligible for funding if proof is furnished that these measures will increase the system’s energy performance by at least 25% and if an energy conservation plan to this effect is submitted. Guidelines for Funding Highly Efficient Horizontal Technologies
An initiative that focuses its activities on three key parts of the value chain: the production, selling and buying / using of products. The initiative offers value for consumers, dealers, and manufacturers: Hosts a product database to allow consumers to find the most energy-efficient equipment. Helps dealers to advertise the added value of energy-efficient products and to promote sales of top runner products. Provides access to a network where retailers can engage in dialogue on sales activities, and customer information, and can work together on designing workshops for retailers. Provides support for producers who are developing innovative products, for example via the open innovation platform. National Top Runner Initiative
By 2020, set up 500 energy efficiency networks, a joint goal between the Federal Government and business associations and organizations. Energy Efficiency Networks Initiative
Introduces energy-efficiency networks, an initiative between the Federal government and business associations and organizations designed to encourage companies throughout Germany to form voluntary energy efficiency networks and commit to targets. Energy Efficiency Networks Initiative
Provides funding for companies that are trying out, enhancing, and marketing digital solutions for reducing electricity, gas, heat and cooling consumption by providing these solutions to final consumers. Up to €1 million in funding is available per project. Energy-Savings Meter Pilot Program
Provides funding for measures (the installation of highly-efficient heating and hot water circulation pumps, the use of hydraulic balancing and others) that require a small investment and creates incentives for consumers to improve their existing heating systems. Between 2018 and the end of 2020, €470 million will be available each year. Program for Funding Heating Optimization via Highly Efficiency Pumps and Hydraulic Balancing
Low-interest financing programs, made available by KfW, the German government-owned development bank, available for improving the energy efficiency of production processes and equipment. KfW Energy Efficiency Programs
Funds specialized contracting consultancy for municipalities and SMEs until through 2018. Promoting Energy Performance Contracting (EPC)
Provides funding for the modernization of heating and ventilation systems in homes. 165 million euros in funding is available and provided in the form of low-interest loans and grants. Energy Efficiency Incentive Program (APEE)
Provides funding for energy-efficient construction and retrofitting of buildings. Funding takes the form of grants or low-interest loans that may be combined with loan-repayment grants. As a rule, financial incentives rise with the level of energy efficiency achieved. Funding is available for residential, municipal and social service buildings, and commercial buildings. CO2 Building Modernization Program
Establishes a toll scheme that varies toll rates according to the pollutants the vehicles emit, as an incentive to deploy less polluting vehicles and support a modal shift of freight traffic to the rail and waterway modes. As of July 2018, HGVs (heavy goods vehicles) will have to pay tolls for the use of all the approximately 40,000 km of federal highways. HGV Toll
Establishes sustainability criteria for the public procurement of vehicles, also applicable to transport operators charged with public service obligations, implementing EU Directive 2009/33/EC. Requires taking into account energy consumption, CO2 emissions and pollutant emissions over the entire lifetime of vehicles in the purchase decision. To support this effort, the Clean Vehicle Portal has been created to help public procurement as well as private users in buying cleaner and more energy efficient vehicles. Promotion of Clean and Energy Efficient Road Transport Vehicles
Provides advantages and privileges for electric vehicles: allocates special parking spaces at charging stations in public areas, lowers or waives parking fees, and exempting them from certain access restrictions. Electric vehicles receive special E-license plates. Electric Mobility Act
Provides financial incentives for companies to implement innovative pilot projects that improve the energy efficiency of their industrial, commercial or residential customers with digital technologies. Various energy-saving measures are eligible, including: behavioral or usage changes, changed processes and operations, facilities maintenance or investment in equipment replacement. Up to 1 million euros can be distributed per applicant with a funding intensity of 25% up to 50%, half payable on the basis of proven project costs and the other half on the basis of proven saved kWh. Projects that are already (partially) financed by other federal grants are ineligible. Pilot Program Einsparzähler
Sets energy performance requirements for new and existing buildings in the instance of major renovation and regulates the issuing and display of energy performance certificates. Specifies that as of January 2016, the primary energy consumption of new-builds will have to be reduced by an additional 25%. Requires decommissioning of oil and gas boilers that provide central heating in apartment buildings that were installed before January 1985 or which have been in service for more than 30 years. Fines for non-compliance have been increased to €50,000. Energy Conservation Ordinance
Requires display of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption information label on new passenger vehicles, under EU Directive 99/94/EC. Passenger Vehicle Energy Consumption Labeling
By 2020, 14% reduction in national greenhouse gas emissions, compared to 2005 levels, as stated in EU Effort Sharing Decision. National Emission Target under EU Effort Sharing
Aims to reduce energy consumption in the EU through energy labeling. Establishes greater harmonization across the EU for energy labeling. States that the European Commission is establishing a product database accessible via an online portal. This database consists of a public and a non-public part. Public aspect: consumers and retailers can view product data and independent suppliers can perform evaluations to inform consumers. Non-public aspect: accessible only to the market surveillance authorities and the Commission, aimed facilitating efficient market surveillance across the EU. Expected delivery in 2019. New Framework Regulation on Energy Labeling
Establishes the national framework for the enforcement of product-specific implementing eco-design measures, implementing EU’s Ecodesign Directive (2005/32/EC). Within this Act, eco-design regulations ensure that inefficient products are no longer allowed on the market, and with the energy label, EU countries intend to shift the market towards more energy-efficient products. Energy-Related Products Act/Eco-Design Implementation and 2017 EU Directive Update
By 2020, 13% of energy demand met by renewable energy sources. National Renewable Energy Action Plan
By 2020, 37% of electricity demand met by electricity generated from renewable energy sources. National Renewable Energy Action Plan
By 2020, 105.5% of demand met by renewable energy sources. National Renewable Energy Action Plan
By 2020, 18% share of energy generated from renewable energy sources in gross final energy consumption. National Renewable Energy Action Plan
Establishes Energy Efficiency Fund to assist in a large number of different measures to improve energy efficiency in SMEs and industry, private consumers and municipalities. Energy Efficiency Fund
Funds energy audit for SMEs through the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. The grant covers 80% of the energy auditing costs, with the maximum amount set at €6,000. For smaller companies that spend less than €10,000 on energy bills, the maximum amount is €1,200. Funding Energy Audits for SMEs
Provides funding for companies to implement highly efficient cross-cutting technologies. 2016 revision of the program puts an even stronger focus on the industrial sector. Investment Grants for the Use of Highly Efficient Cross-Cutting Technologies
Establishes a tax benefit for manufacturing companies bearing significant cost burdens due to electricity duty. Energy efficiency measures such as implementation of energy management systems and achieving energy efficiency targets are a requirement to benefit from the exemption.
Establishes national energy efficiency labeling for old heating systems and requires heaters and boilers to be given an energy efficiency grading during the existing mandatory chimney-sweep visits. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Establishes ‘Top-Runner Initiative’ to push for increased energy efficiency in supply chains and product development through the creation of higher standard at a national level and the granting of EUR 6 million in research support. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Establishes Energy Efficiency Network Initiative that targets the creation of 500 “Energy Efficiency Networks” by 2020 to provide implementation frameworks and tools for the government’s energy efficiency plan at a local level. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Extends energy efficiency program to include two new levels of access to the program (“Starter” program at 10% energy savings, and the “Premium Standard” at 30%). The program supports private sector energy efficiency improvements through soft loans. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Creates pilot phase of energy efficiency tenders, “Step Up!,” (2015-2018). Total funding €300 million through 2018. ‘STEP up’ is designed to encourage companies to identify areas where they can improve their energy efficiency and implement measures that take longer than three years to amortize in terms of electricity costs. Funding is available for any kind of investment that is proven to reduce a company’s electricity consumption, no matter if this means changing standard components or developing tailored systems solutions or whether action is taken on the company’s premises or at their customer’s premises. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan & STEP Up
Extends funding and scope of CO2 Building Refurbishment Program — now applicable to commercial and communal properties, as well as residential. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Creates tax incentives for energy efficiency refurbishment targeted at improving energy efficiency and renewable heat usage in residential buildings. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Establishes quality control and optimization of existing energy consultancy services to support energy efficiency consulting for refurbishment plans of entire buildings, including groups of owners. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
By 2050, 50% reduction in primary energy consumption from 2008 levels. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
By 2020, 20% reduction in primary energy consumption from 2008 levels. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
By 2020, 2.1% average annual increase in macroeconomic energy productivity from 2008 levels. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Establishes guidelines for funding of renewable energy. Switches mechanism from prices fixed by government to prices set by competitive auctions. Sets specific deployment plans for each type of energy (funding will be auctioned for offshore wind energy, onshore wind energy, photovoltaics, biomass). Exempted: installations ≤ 750 kW (biomass: ≤ 150 kW). Auctions will cover 80% of newbuild. Renewable Energy Sources Act
By 2050, generate 80% of electricity supply from renewable energy resources. Renewable Energy Sources Act
By 2035, generate 55-60% of electricity supply from renewable energy resources. Renewable Energy Sources Act
By 2025, generate 40-45% of electricity supply from renewable energy resources. Renewable Energy Sources Act
By 2020, generate 35% of electricity supply from renewable energy resources. Renewable Energy Sources Act
Establishes a market incentive program for individual homeowners, businesses, and municipalities, allocating subsidies for the use of renewable energy. Funding is provided for private consumers who decide to have their heating system retrofitted to run on renewables. Funding is provided for the installation of solar thermal installations (with a collector area of up to 40 square meters), biomass-based heating systems (with a nominal heating capacity of up to 100 kW), and heat pumps (with a nominal heating capacity of up to 100 kW). The funding program places a special focus on setting up new installations in existing buildings. In the case of new buildings, funding is only available for certain innovative types of installations. Market Incentives Program
Requires that the heat requirement for new buildings (greater than 50 square meters) be covered proportionately with renewable energies. The owner can determine which form of renewable energy is to be used. Establishes a certain minimum proportion of the total heating and / or cooling needs to be generated by renewable energies. The proportion depends on which renewable energies are used: Solar radiation: at least 15 % of the heating and cooling energy requirements of the building must be covered by a solar thermal system Solid or liquid biomass: 50% Geothermal energy: 50% Establishes replacement measures. Renewable Energies Heat Act
By 2020, 14% increase in the share of renewable energies in final energy consumption for heating and cooling. Renewable Energies Heat Act
Allows conventional hydraulic fracturing in sandstone for the production of tight gas, a traditional technique used in natural gas fields, to continue despite fracking ban, but under more stringent conditions for permit application: An environmental impact assessment is required. Only non-hazardous or low hazardous fracturing fluids are allowed. In the case of damages due to seismic events, a reversal of evidence is provided: in case of doubt, the companies will have to prove that damage is not caused by hydraulic fracturing activities. Prohibition and Minimization of the Risks of Fracking Technology
Prohibits commercial hydraulic fracturing for the production of shale gas as well as shale oil (unconventional hydraulic fracturing). Limited test drillings (four authorized) will be carried out to provide for experts to prepare yearly reports to the German Bundestag. In 2021, the Parliament will reassess whether the ban of unconventional hydraulic fracturing should continue. Prohibition and Minimization of the Risks of Fracking Technology
Aims to expand grid infrastructure to encourage renewable energy supply. Simplifies the planning of grid expansion projects which involve several federal states or cross national boundaries: power line routes are centrally planned and approved by the Federal Network Agency in a process involving early public participation. Establishes the Federal Network Agency as responsible for the statutory planning approval procedure for grid expansion projects, which means it can define the precise route of the power lines. The transfer of the planning responsibility from state to federal level is intended to streamline the process and avoids the fragmentation of tasks. Grid Expansion Acceleration Act
Requires the decommissioning of constant temperature boilers installed before 1 January 1985 or which have been in service for more than 30 years (previous qualifying date of 1 January 1978; boilers in certain one and two-family dwellings occupied by the owner continue to be excluded from this regulation). Energy Conservation Ordinance
Establishes the recording of efficiency classes in energy performance certificates for residential buildings as well as the obligation to provide notification in real estate advertisements when selling and letting property. And establishes an independent system for spot checks of energy performance certificates and reports on the inspection of air conditioning systems. Energy Conservation Ordinance
Requires the display of energy performance certificates in certain buildings which are frequently visited by the public, but which are not occupied by public authorities. Energy Conservation Ordinance
Requires disclosure of key energy figures in real estate advertisements when selling and renting properties and that an energy performance certificate must be made available to a potential buyer or tenant of a building at the viewing stage. Extends requirement of the existing duty to display energy performance certificates in buildings used by public authorities and frequently visited by the public to smaller buildings. Energy Conservation Ordinance
Requires (from 2016 onwards) a reduction of approximately 25% in terms of primary energy consumption and around 20% in terms of heat transfer loss (the latter one reflecting the thermal insulation of the building shell) for new buildings. Energy Conservation Ordinance
Creates the obligation of the nearly zero-energy standard for new buildings. This obligation will apply to all new public buildings from 2019 onwards and to all other new buildings as of 2021. Energy Conservation Act
Creates the legal framework to promote energy transition in the buildings sector. It serves to implement Federal Government decisions on the energy concept and the energy transition and is based on European guidelines (EU Directive on the Energy Performance in Buildings 2010/31/EU). Energy Conservation Act
Act aims to enhance competition and secure the supply and sustainability of energy production. Requires electricity labeling according to type of energy source. Calls for consistent and efficient offshore grid expansion and introduces a binding offshore grid development plan. Energy Industry Act
Provides the basis and requirements for energy labeling of products in Germany. It transposes the EU Energy Labeling Directive into national law, introduces new classes of labeling (previously only A-G, now up to A+++), and introduces a requirement that not only energy-consuming equipment, but also energy-related products, which themselves do not consume energy, are marked with the EU energy label. Energy Consumption Labeling Act
By 2050, 50% reduction of final energy consumption in the transport sector, compared to 2005 levels. Energy Concept 2010
By 2020, 10% reduction of final energy consumption in the transport sector, compared to 2005 levels. Energy Concept 2010
By 2050, 50% reduction in primary energy consumption, compared to 2008 levels. Energy Concept 2010
By 2020, 20% reduction in primary energy consumption, compared to 2008 levels. Energy Concept 2010
By 2050, a 60% share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption. Energy Concept 2010
Implements EU Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings, including requirements on the calculation of energy performance in buildings, minimum energy performance requirements for new and renovated buildings, energy certification of buildings and inspection of boilers and air condition systems.
Establishes a common Norwegian-Swedish certificate market for renewable electricity production. The overall target for new renewable electricity production in the common electricity certificate market is 28.4 TWh by the year 2020.
By 2020, 114% of electricity demand met by electricity generated from renewable sources.
By 2020, 43% of heat consumption met by renewable sources.
By 2020, 67% of share of energy generated from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption.
Complies with the EU Directive 2009/28/EC member countries of the European Union are obliged to draft and submit to the European Commission National Renewable Action Plans (NREAPs) outlining pathway which will allow them to meet their 2020 renewable energy, energy efficiency and GHG cuts targets. Norway has adopted the RES Directive as part of the EEA agreement. Details 2020 renewable energy targets.
Implements EU Decision 2016/1433 of August 2016 establishing that the Biomass Biofuels Sustainability Voluntary Scheme certification scheme meets the sustainability criteria under European Parliament and Council Directives. This is a voluntary scheme that verifies compliance with the EU’s biofuels sustainability criteria. Establishes that the production of biofuel did not occur on land with high biodiversity or that land with high carbon stock was not converted for biofuel production.
Enova SF, as a state enterprise owned by the Norwegian government (Ministry of Petroleum and Energy) funded through “the Energy Fund,” (financed by a levy on the electricity grid tariff and by allocations from the state budget), with an annual budget of more than NOK 2,6 billion, aims to contribute to greenhouse gas emissions reduction and increased energy security. It provides investment aid and conditional loans to related projects.
Implements EU directive on labeling of energy use in household products. The EU will redesign the energy label for some products, with classes A to G, and will create a product database where manufactures will be required to submit the relevant information about their products. The product database registration will be in force beginning January 1, 2019. For products launched between August 1, 2017 and January 1, 2019, suppliers shall, by June 30, 2019, enter in the product database the product-related information. From January 1, 2019, all new products must be registered before marketing. Standards and Labeling for Energy-Related Products & FAQ on Recent Updates
Establishes a framework for setting eco-design requirements for energy-related products with the aim of ensuring the free movement of such products within the EU market. Aims to increase energy efficiency, protection of the environment, and the security of energy supply. Requires that before a product covered by this Directive is placed on the market and/or put into service, a CE marking is to be affixed and an EC declaration of conformity issued whereby the manufacturer or its authorized representative ensures compliance. Calls on Member States to develop systems for market surveillance and penalties for non-compliance.
Extends Norway’s commitment to the Kyoto Protocol through the second commitment period (2020).
Extends zero rating to leasing of electric vehicles and to the sale and import of batteries for electric vehicles. VAT & Amendment
Until 2020, the cap on total aviation allowances was originally set at 210,349,264 per year and has been increased by 116,524 allowances per year from 1 January 2014 onwards to account for Croatia’s full integration into the EU ETS (EU Emissions Trading Scheme – aviation cap).
Regulates offshore renewable energy production. Requires that the Norwegian Government to have designated specific geographical zones for license applications for any construction of offshore wind power and other renewable energy production units/facilities at sea to occur. The opening of zones requires that a strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is implemented.
Aims to prevent products from causing environmental disruption (in the form of disturbance of ecosystems, pollution, waste, noise) and to prevent environmental disturbance by promoting effective energy use in products. Producers/suppliers are to assess whether the product may result in environmental disruption, as defined by the Act, and provide adequate consumer information. Includes a ‘substitution obligation’ clause for businesses: requiring that a ‘business using a chemical substance that may cause effect as mentioned shall assess whether there is an alternative that results in less risk of such an effect. In this case, the business should choose this option, if it can happen without unreasonable cost or inconvenience.’
Aims to promote sustainable development in the best interests of individuals, society and future generations. All plans made to buildings pursuant to this act (erection, demolition, alteration, and other projects related to buildings, structures and installations, as well as physical alteration of the land and the establishment and alteration of property) are to take the climate into account in energy supply and transport solutions.
Promotes sustainable management of forest resources. Requires rejuvenation of forests after harvest, puts restrictions on road construction in forests, establishes a forest fund to support sustainable management practices, and details penalties for non-compliance of various measures. Notes that The Ministry may impose further regulations on forest management in forest areas of particular environmental value linked to biological diversity, landscapes, outdoor life, or cultural heritage.
Aims to limit GHG emissions via a trading mechanism. Establishes government authority over the number of allowances to be allocated and which of these allowances will be issued free of charge. Regulates reporting and control related to emissions and allowances and sets out penal measures for those operators not complying with reporting obligations.
Aims to increase generation of electrical energy from renewable energy sources. Establishes a system of green certificates, which are issued by the Norwegian state to renewable energy producers (hydropower, wind, solar, ocean energy, geothermal, bioenergy). The certificates can be issued for production that takes place through December 31, 2035. Certificates can be sold to anyone with a certificate account and can be pledged as security. Quota obligations apply to: anyone supplying electrical energy to an end-user, anyone consuming self-produced electrical energy, and anyone purchasing electrical energy for own consumption on the Nordic power exchange or through a bilateral agreement.
By 2020, 30-40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels.
By 2020 achieve nearly zero energy level in buildings.
The CO2 tax on mineral oil for domestic aviation has increased, with both EU ETS and non-EU ETS aviation paying a tax of NOK 430 per tonne of CO2, as of 2017 (Seventh National Communication).
From 1990, Norway has excised a CO2 tax on petroleum which is burnt, natural gas discharged to air, on CO2 separated from petroleum and discharged to air, and on installations used in connection with production or transportation of petroleum. Over time the CO2 tax has been expanded and as of 2017 is NOK 450 per tonne of CO2 for many sources (mineral oil, natural gas, LPG, petrol and diesel) (Seventh National Communication).
States that petroleum resources will be managed in a long-term perspective so as to benefit the entire Norwegian society in regards to resource management, generation of income and employment for the country, ensuring a better environment, and strengthening Norwegian business and industrial development. Restricts petroleum activity to the State unless granted permissions, approvals, and consents as required by this Act. Applies to petroleum activities related to subsea petroleum deposits subject to Norwegian jurisdiction and petroleum activities in and outside the empire and the Norwegian continental shelf as it follows from international law or by agreement with a foreign state. Act details requirements and limitations related to examination permits, production licenses, recovery of petroleum, decommissioning, registrations, liabilities, social requirements, special rules of compensation to Norwegian fishermen, and other general terms.
Implements EU directive on availability of consumer information regarding fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions in marketing of new passenger cars is implemented, and in process for light vehicle cars. Requires that a label on fuel economy and CO2 emissions is attached to or displayed near, in a clearly visible manner, each new passenger car model at the point of sale.
Sets emission performance standards for new light commercial vehicles as part of the EU’s integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles. The average level of CO2 emissions from these vehicles must not exceed 175 grams of CO2 per kilometer as from 2017 (the requirement will be introduced gradually as from 2014). From 2020, the level is not to exceed 147 grams of CO2 per kilometer.
By 2030, achieve carbon neutrality.
Levies a tax on the importation and domestic production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs), including recycled HFCs and PFCs (some exemptions are made). In 2004, a scheme, which provides a refund when gas is destroyed, was also introduced. The initial tax on HFCs/PFCs was NOK 180 (appr. 19 Euro) per GWP-tonnes, and in 2017 was NOK 450 (appr.45 Euro) after relatively large increases in 2014 and 2017. The tax now approximately equals the CO2 tax rate on mineral oil. (Seventh National Communication).
As of 2020, participates in ICAO’s voluntary Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). Pilot phase of Corsia is 2021 through 2023.
By 2050, achieve carbon neutrality (and possibility to further tighten this time-frame).
Sets out mitigation-related measures to be implemented: create a climate and energy fund for development of technology and industrial transformation, increase offshore supply of electric power from the mainland, while safeguarding biological diversity, increase state subsidies for investment in, and operation of, municipal public transportation and other environmentally-friendly forms of transportation, adopt climate measures in agriculture and carbon removals in forests through active forest management, maintain or increase the forest carbon stock through active, sustainable forest policies, improve incentives for the use of bio-energy derived from wood, and increase the mandatory sale of bio-fuels to 5%.
By 2020, 30% reduction of GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels.
By 2030, at least 40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, covering energy, industrial process and product use, agriculture, land-use and land-use change, forestry, and waste.
Sets out a basic strategic approach for the transition to renewables and energy efficiency for a secure, environmentally compatible and competitive supply of energy. States that renewables should account for the main share of the energy supply. Energy Concept 2010
By 2040, 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, compared to 1990 levels. Energy Concept 2010
Establishes the Energy and Climate Fund. The fund provides finance for energy efficiency, renewable energy, energy storage and grid technology, energetic refurbishment of buildings, national climate action, international climate and environment action, and the development of electric mobility. Energy and Climate Fund (EKFG)
By 2025, increase net electricity generation from combined heat and power plants to 110 terawatt hours by 2020 and to 120 terawatt hours. Combined Heat and Power Act
By 2020, increase electricity generation from CHP by 25%. Source: https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/combined-heat-and-power-act-lex-faoc150768/) Combined Heat and Power Act
Aims to increase electricity generation from CHP plants, to support the launch of the fuel cell sector and funding for construction and expansion of heating and cooling systems. Combined Heat and Power Act
Provides for an annual storage of no more than 1.3m tons of CO2 and a maximum storage capacity of 4m tons of CO2 per year in Germany. Stipulates that permits can only be granted if an application for a CO2 storage facility has been made by 31 December 2016. Carbon Capture and Storage Act
Regulates the exploration, testing, and demonstration of permanent CO2 storage technology. It is the national-level implementing legislation for the EU Directive on the geological storage of CO2. Carbon Capture and Storage Act
Sets sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels. Sustainability Requirements for Biofuels
Between 2017 and 2019, companies in the oil industry have to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 6% compared to the total quantity of gasoline fuel fossil diesel fuel and biofuel that they place on the market.
By 2020, achieve 7% minimum requirement level of biofuels used in road transport. Biofuels Quota Act References climate protection act
By 2030, 31-34% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the agriculture sector, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
By 2030, 49-51% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the industry sector, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
By 2030, 40-42% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
By 2030, 66-67% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the buildings sector, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
By 2030, 61-62% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
By 2030, at least 55% reduction in greenhouse gases, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
By 2050, 80 to 95% percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
Provides guidance to all areas of action in the process to achieve domestic climate targets in line with the Paris Agreement. Areas of action include: energy, buildings, transport, trade and industry, agriculture and forestry. Key goal is to establish long-term targets aligned with national greenhouse gas neutrality by 2050, including sector-specific milestones for 2030. The plan will be fleshed out with programs and measures , with the first program to be adopted in 2018.
States an aim to significantly increase the market share of electric vehicles on the road to 1 million by 2020 and 6 million by 2030.
States an aim to save around 10 percent of final energy consumption in transport by 2020 and around 40 percent by 2050 (reference year 2005). Action Program on Climate Protection 2020
Outlines key policy measures to be implemented by 2020 to in order to reach Germany’s goal of cutting greenhouse gas emissions reduction target. Focuses on energy efficiency, building sector, transport sector, industry, agriculture, and emissions trading reform. The program will lead to a reduction of 62m-78m tonnes CO2 equivalent in 2020 compared with the current projection for 2020. In addition to this a further 3m-4m tonnes can be saved through soft, cross-sectoral measures, bringing about a total reduction of 82m tonnes.
Until 2020, the cap on total aviation allowances was originally set at 210,349,264 per year and has been increased by 116,524 allowances per year from 1 January 2014 onwards to account for Croatia’s full integration into the EU ETS (EU Emissions Trading Scheme – aviation cap).
2013 cap for emissions from fixed installations is set at 2,084,301,856 allowances as part of Phase 3. Between 2013-2020, this cap decreases each year by 1.74%, amounting to a reduction of 38,264,246 allowances each year (EU Emissions Cap). Auctioning is the default method for allocating allowances and 300 million allowances set aside in the New Entrants Reserve to fund the deployment of innovative renewable energy technologies and carbon capture and storage through the NER 300 programme (Phase 3). In 2021, the pace of annual reductions in allowances increases to 2.2%.(Phase 4).
By 2030, at least 40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels covering 100% of GHG emissions, to be fulfilled jointly between EU countries.
Aims to provide information about the lighting quality to the public by showing ratings in order to promote energy savings.
Allows for loans at an interest rate lower than that provided by national banks available to farmers, particularly for planting palm oil for biofuels. Enables small and medium-size enterprises to obtain low-cost finance from national banks for food and energy crops.
Regulates geothermal activities, outlines procedures and requirements for obtaining permits, bids, data, supervision on geothermal mining business operations, administrative sanctions, etc.
Stipulates income tax adjustments for energy development projects, including net income reduction, accelerated depreciation, and reduced dividends for foreign investors and compensation for losses.
Pertaining to renewable energy and power plants, stipulates that import duty exemptions are valid for machinery and capital for renewable energy and for capital goods required for public electricity supply (on- and off-grid). Value Added Tax (VAT) exemptions apply to taxable goods imported to develop renewable energy projects, as long as no substitutes are manufactured in Indonesia. The VAT exemption applies to machinery (both constructed and dismantled); while tax may still be raised on spare parts that companies need to use renewable energy for end-product manufacturing.
Aims to diversify domestic biodiesel consumption beyond the transportation sector (Indonesia’s main biodiesel consumer). Sets targets for biodiesel use: Transportation (PSO): 20% by 2020, 25% by 2025 Transportation (Non-PSO): 20% by 2020, 25% by 2025 Industry: 20% by 2020, 25% by 2025 Electricity: 30% by 2020, 35% by 2025 Sets targets for ethanol use: Transportation (PSO): 5% by 2020, 10% by 2025 Transportation (Non-PSO): 10% by 2020, 20% by 2025 Industry: 10% by 2020, 20% by 2025 Sets targets for pure palm oil use: Industry: 20% by 2020, 20% by 2025 Sea Transportation: 20% by 2020, 20% by 2025 Electricity: 20% by 2020, 20% by 2025
By 2025, achieve 30% coal, 22% oil, 23% renewable resources and 25% natural gas in energy mix.
Aims to minimize oil consumption, increase the exploitation and consumption of renewables and coal, optimize gas production and consumption. Stipulates that exports of natural gas and coal are to be reduced gradually, and phased out eventually at a future date to be specified. Aims for an energy price that reflects “the economic equality value.”
Allows accelerated depreciation of fixed assets including investments in the renewable energy sector.
Intends to promote the development of solar power plants. Establishes process for the appointment of a developer to construct and operate a solar PV plant.
Grants Feed-In Tariffs for a period of 20 years in the range of USD 0.145-0.25/kWh and vary by regions. This policy targets development of 250 MW of PV capacity in 22 provinces. Conditions include: a capacity quota of 250MW as the eligible maximum, maximum limit of project size per developer based on the available quota in the region (if quota is below 10MW, there’s no limit; if quota is between 10-100 MW the limit for developers is 20% of the quota; if quota is above 100 MW, the limit for developers is 20 MW), the largest quota is in Java at 150 MW and the smallest quota is 2.5 MW in Papua/West Papua combined provinces. Local content on the project is required (43.8%), subject to the minimum based on the Ministry of Trade and Industry’s regulations. If the requirement is not reached, the FiT will be reduced by the same percentage.
By 2025, expand generation capacity by 45%. The private sector will contribute 57% of the total new capacity. Planned power mix for 45.7GW allocated to Independent Power Producers is: Coal: 25.2GW Gas: 6.7GW Hydro: 6.8GW Geothermal: 5.1GW Others: 1.9GW The unallocated 16.6GW has the following power mix: Coal: 1.7GW Gas: 9.3GW Hydro: 2GW Geothermal: 0.7GW Solar: 2.9GW
Between 2015-2019 add 35 GW of additional electricity capacity, 23% to be from renewables (including Hydro, Geothermal and Solar resources) as set out by the 2014 National Energy Policy (NEP).
Aims to increase the use of biofuel as a replacement fossil-based fuel. Creates the National Team for Biofuel Development to support policy implementation on national and sub-national levels and between sectors. The Biofuel Road Map establishes a specific agenda for biofuel production targets. For the period of 2016-2025: biodiesel utilisation 20% of diesel fuel consumption – 10.22 mln kL bioethanol utilisation 15% of gasoline consumption – 6.28 mln kL biokerosene utilisation – 4.07 mln kL pure plantation oil for power plant use – 1.69 mln kL biofuel utilisation 5% of energy mix – 22.26 mln kL Creates Special Biofuel Zones (SBZ): areas, of at least 10,000 hectares in Java or 100,000 outside Java in size, are dedicated to biofuel crops plantation and transformation. Villages located in the Special Biofuel Zones, known as Energy Self-Sufficient Villages (ESSV), are to receive regional funding to set up renewable energy development plans in accordance with local renewable potentials.
By 2025, 15% of the country’s electricity demand to be from renewable energy sources. Specific targets for energy production from various renewable energy sources are established as follows: Geothermal: 9 500 MW; Small-scale hydropower: 500 MW (on grid) 330 MW (off grid); Solar energy: 80 MW; Biomass for power generation: 810 MW Wind energy: 250 MW (on grid) 5 MW (off grid)
Calls on leaders of Central and local government institutions to save water and energy within their institutional domain. This Presidential Instruction sets an electricity reduction target of 20%, a fuel reduction target of 10%, and a water-use reduction target of 10%.
Aims to establish a GHG inventory administration guideline and an administration to co-ordinate that inventory. Mandates different bodies of the government to produce national, local and corporate greenhouse gas inventories annually. The national inventory is submitted to the UNFCCC and is coordinated by the Ministry of Environment.
Identifies the key sectors in which Indonesia will make emissions reductions: Agriculture, Forestry and Peat land, Energy and Transportation, Industry and Waste Management, and evaluates the potential of NAMA development for these sectors. The Provinces are expected to make their own action plans. Established the target of a 26% reduction in GHG emissions below “Business-as-Usual” by 2020.
Implements the Regulation on Energy Conservation, establishing provisions for energy preservation and management. Mandates that energy consumers consuming more than 6000 toe per year are obliged to implement energy management through appointing an Energy Manager, developing short, medium, and long term energy conservation programs, conducting regular energy audits (at least once every three years), implementing energy audit recommendations, and submitting annual reports to the Government on the status of energy conservation programs and audit measure implementation.
Establishes differentiated feed-in tariff levels depending on the installation type, its location, and voltage of grid interconnection. Biomass, biogas, municipal waste and hydropower plants below generation capacity of 10 MW benefit from this scheme, though Regulation does not specify how long eligible renewable plants will benefit from introduced tariff. Stipulates that the State electricity company PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PT PLN) is obliged to purchase electricity generated from renewable energy installations.
Aims to mitigate emissions in the transportation sector through fuel substitution from oil to gas, ‘car-free’ days, and transit oriented development planning.
Implements the conservation aspect of the Energy Law. Mandates the drafting and adoption of a new National Energy Conservation Master Plan, introduces voluntary energy efficiency standards and energy labeling, and calls for the development of incentives for improved energy management as well as disincentives for non-compliance. Specifies that producers or importers of energy appliances are responsible for implementing energy efficiency labeling. Mandates energy audits and public reporting on energy efficiency.
Directs Mayors, Governors, and Ministers to implement energy and water efficiency in government offices. Establishes the National Taskforce for Energy and Water Efficiency, which is charged with policy development for energy and water efficiency, reducing non-essential use of energy and water, and monitoring and reporting activities to the President.
Establishes a moratorium on new licenses to convert primary natural forests and peat lands. This is part of Indonesia’s commitments under the Letter of Intent signed with the Kingdom of Norway in May 2011 and is intended to facilitate Indonesia’s REDD+ activities.
Aims to promote national energy efficiency, adoption of renewable energy, the diversification of energy supply, the improvement of the storage and transmission of energy, and energy access for remote, under-developed, and rural areas. Establishes the institutional structure for energy management and the National Energy Council (NEC), which is responsible for designing, implementing, and monitoring national energy policy.
Regulates geothermal activities, specifies that geothermal activities will no longer be considered ‘mining activities’ and that tenders for geothermal exploration will now be issued by central government. Requires that local communities either receive a share in revenue or a production bonus from the geothermal power plant.
Establishes agency and its directive to manage and implement REDD+ in Indonesia: develop a national strategy for implementation and develop REDD+ safeguards, standards, and methodologies to measure GHG emissions. Aims at reducing GHG emissions from deforestation and degradation of forest and peatlands and maintain and increase carbon stock through forest conservation, sustainable forest management, and/or rehabilitation and restoration of damaged forest area.
By 2025, 22% minimum of energy supply mix to be from gas, 24% minimum by 2050.
By 2025, 30% minimum of energy supply mix to be from coal, 25% minimum by 2050.
By 2025, less than 25% of energy supply mix to be from oil, less than 20% by 2050.
By 2025, at least 23% of energy supply mix to be from new and renewable energy sources, at least 31% by 2050.
By 2030, 41% conditional reduction in GHG emissions in energy, waste, industrial process and product use, agriculture, and forestry, against BAU scenario, subject to availability of international support for finance, technology transfer and development and capacity building.
By 2030, 29% reduction in GHG emissions in energy, waste, industrial process and product use, agriculture, and forestry against BAU scenario.
By 2020, 26% reduction in GHG emissions in energy, waste, industrial process and product use, agriculture, and forestry, against BAU scenario.
Establishes the RenovAr auction program, bidding terms and conditions of the auction, and outlines Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) for renewable electricity. The first round of RenovAr auctions was announced in July 2016, round three will take place in the second half of 2018.
Creates the National Argentine Carbon Fund (FAC) and aims to incentivize projects within the framework of The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), as defined by Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol. The Secretary of Environment and Sustainable Development administers the fund.
By 31 December 2017, minimum of 8% of total electricity consumed to come from renewable sources. By 31 December 2019, minimum of 12% of total electricity consumed comes from renewable sources. By 31 December 2021, minimum of 16% of total electricity consumed comes from renewable sources. By 31 December 2023, minimum of 18% of total electricity consumed comes from renewable sources. By 31 December 2025, minimum of 20% of total electricity consumed comes from renewable sources.
Extends the regimen for the National Promotion for the Production and Use of Renewable Sources of Electric Energy for the period of 2018-2025. It sets national renewable energy targets, establishes a fund for financing renewable energy projects, and defines minimum renewable requirements for large consumers. Creates a new Fund for the Development of Renewable Energies (FODER), which is to be partially funded by the National Treasury, estimated at about US$41 billion by 2025.
Requires that by 31 December 2017, 8% of all electricity consumed nationally must be generated from renewable energy sources. Creates a fund to finance renewable energy projects, within the Federal Program for the Development of Renewable Energy, including feed-in tariffs, tax benefits, exemptions on import duties, and accelerated amortization of Income Tax. Expands national approach to “renewable sources” to include wave energy, ocean currents energy and biofuels as well as the scope of support of the Program and Fund to hydropower plants with capacity up to 50 MW.
Prohibits the importation and commercialization of incandescent light bulbs for residential use throughout the country.
Establishes a national focus on the technological development, the production of, and the use of hydrogen fuel, as well as other alternative energy sources. States the development of a National Program for Hydrogen to: incentivize the application of hydrogen energy technology; incentivize the private sector participation in the generation and production of hydrogen energy; promote regional co-operation and technology transfer between Mercosur trade bloc countries; promote public education on the importance of alternative energy use; and incentivize the industrialization of hydrogen fuel cells. Stated goals will be realized in part through the creation of The National Fund of Hydrogen Promotion (FONHIDRO), which will also oversee various tax exemptions and deductions for participating firms.
Provides a regulatory framework for the production and promotion of biofuels, for which the National Advisory Commission for the Promotion of the Production and Sustainable Use of Biofuels holds the authority. States that by 2010 all gasoline produced and consumed in Argentina must be composed of no less than 5% biofuels and has since been raised to 10%, and in 2016 to 12%. Establishes tax incentives for producers that comply with certain requirements, tax breaks for investing companies, lower export taxes for biodiesel, VAT reimbursement and accelerated depreciation of assets for income tax purposes, and exempts biofuels from the Hydrocarbon and Diesel taxes.
This program was established under the National Program for Rational and Efficient Use of Energy to implement energy efficiency measures in national public buildings. Aims to promote knowledge about energy usage of these buildings; control and reduce the consumption of electricity and natural gas; standardize the management system; and establish recommendations and implement energy efficiency measures.
Establishes medium and long-term goals relating to energy efficiency for the transport sector. Includes: improving the management and distribution of public transportation in regards to energy consumption; developing minimum standards of efficiency for new automobiles; initiating a monitoring and maintenance program for public and commercial vehicles; designing a public education campaign around the impacts of driving automobiles.
Establishes medium and long-term goals relating to energy efficiency for various sectors including industry, commercial/services, housing/construction. Goals include: formulating sector-specific Energy Efficiency Programs; developing joint action plans with companies; enhancing energy monitoring; implementing financing mechanisms for SMEs; developing guiding standards relating to efficient lighting, heating, and air conditioning systems; revising building regulations and codes; designating maximum and minimum efficiency standards for electric appliances and machines produced or commercialized in Argentina; proposing a timeline to ban the production, importation and commercialization of incandescent light bulbs; developing incentive systems such as preferential financing for measures that reduce consumption; designing implementation strategy for solar water heating systems; and promoting and regulating the cogeneration of electricity and heat with new and existing energy providing companies.
Aims to reduce energy consumption and promote the use of renewable energy. Establishes a National Program for Rational and Efficient Energy Use and funding for the program, of which the Energy Secretary has implementation authority. Sets medium and long-term actions for various industries.
Creates a National Cabinet for Climate Change (NCCC) comprised of 12 ministries (Energy, Economic Development, Agriculture, Transport, Environment, Social Development, Education, Science, Interior and Culture, Foreign Ministry) with a principal objective to articulate climate change policies and promote climate change awareness. Key tasks include: preparing the National Plan for Response to Climate Change and proposing Sectoral Action Plans at the ministerial level for mitigation and adaptation in important and vulnerable sectors.
By 2030, on a conditional basis, shall not exceed net emissions of 369 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2eq).
By 2030, shall not exceed net emissions of 483 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2eq).
Aims to provide a regulatory framework for petroleum exploration and recovery, and the exploration for potential GHG storage formations, injection and storage of GHG substances in offshore areas. Designates a “Joint Authority” for each offshore area, responsible for implementing the Act.
By 2020, generate 33,000 gigawatt hours of renewable electricity.
Creates a financial incentive for households, small businesses and community groups to install small-scale renewable energy systems such as solar water heaters, heat pumps, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, small-scale wind systems, or small-scale hydro systems by legislating demand for Small-scale Technology Certificates (STCs). STCs are created for these systems at the time of installation, according to the amount of electricity they are expected to produce or displace in the future.
Creates a financial incentive for the establishment or expansion of renewable energy power stations, such as wind and solar farms or hydro-electric power stations by legislating demand for Large-scale Generation Certificates (LGCs). One LGC can be created for each megawatt-hour of eligible renewable electricity produced by an accredited renewable power station. LGCs can be sold to entities (mainly electricity retailers) that surrender them annually to the Clean Energy Regulator to demonstrate their compliance with the Renewable Energy Target scheme’s annual targets.
Provides a framework for the management of emissions from the in-service diesel fleet. Provides guidance for developing inspection and maintenance programs; fleet maintenance programs; emissions technology deployment; retrofit programs, and engine re-build programs.
Creates a collaborative partnership between Federal and State governments, the coal and electricity generation industries, and the research community. The goals of ‘COAL21’ are to: create a national plan to scope, develop, demonstrate and implement near zero emissions coal-based electricity generation; inform policy development; facilitate the demonstration, commercialization and early uptake of technologies; provide a mechanism for effective interaction and integration with other international zero-emission coal initiatives.
Provides support for the accelerated deployment of industrial scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) demonstration projects.
Aims to reduce methane emissions, as a country member of The Global Methane Initiative (GMI), an international public-private initiative that advances cost effective, near-term methane recovery and use as a clean energy source in five sectors: agriculture, coal mines, landfills, oil and gas systems, and wastewater.
Establishes the Carbon Neutral Program, a voluntary scheme that certifies products, business operations or events as carbon neutral against the Australian Government’s National Carbon Offset Standard (the Standard).
Establishes the National Carbon Offset Standard as a way for organizations to reduce carbon pollution beyond Australia’s national targets. Provides a benchmark for businesses and other organizations voluntarily seeking to be carbon neutral for their operations, products, services or events. The Standard sets out requirements for achieving carbon neutrality.
Launches a government-supported initiative to plant 20 million trees by 2020, to re-establish green corridors and urban forests and to promote environment conservation and carbon reduction.
Establishes the Emissions Reduction Fund to help Australia meet its emissions reduction target. The Government will purchase lowest cost abatement (in the form of Australian carbon credit units) from a wide range of sources, providing an incentive to businesses, households and landowners to proactively reduce their emissions.
Aims to encourage the additional generation of electricity from renewable sources; reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in the electricity sector; and ensure that renewable energy sources are ecologically sustainable. Objectives are to be achieved though electricity certificates: large-scale generation certificates, created in relation to the generation of electricity by accredited power stations; and small-scale technology certificates, created in relation to the installation of solar water heaters and small generation units. A wide range of renewable energy sources are eligible.
Establishes ARENA, an independent agency to improve the competitiveness of renewable energy technologies and to increase the supply of renewable energy in Australia. Funding is made available for renewable energy projects and research and development activities.
By 2030, 40% improvement in national energy, from 2015. Supported by the National Energy Productivity Plan (NEPP), a framework to better coordinate energy market reform, energy efficiency and climate policy, and stimulate innovation and more productive consumer choices. Measures include: increased energy efficiency improvement across the residential, commercial and industrial sectors in buildings, appliances and equipment; smarter management of energy; improvement in light vehicle fuel efficiency; reformed electricity and gas market policy to further support new emerging clean technologies and help consumers to reduce energy costs; support to technological and business-model innovation in the energy sector and growth in renewable energy and expansion of the Emission Reduction Fund.
Promotes the development and adoption of products that use less energy, produce fewer GHGs, or contribute to the reducing of energy or GHGs produced by other products. It is also intended to give effect to Australia’s obligations under the UNFCCC. Establishes greenhouse and energy minimum standards (GEMS), applied to the supply and commercial use of products that either use energy, or affect the energy used by another product. The specific GEMS are provided for by requirements in Ministerial determinations. A GEMS register is established to ensure products comply with GEMS.
Establishes the Clean Energy Finance Corporation to facilitate increased flows of finance into the clean energy sector. Invests funds in renewable energy, low-emissions technology, and energy efficiency projects. Funding is generally provided through loans on commercial or concessional terms. However, the CEFC is not restricted from using other structures to address impediments to investment in the clean energy sector. CEFC is an Australian-owned Green Bank.
Provides the overarching framework for energy efficiency policy. Focuses on improving minimum standards for energy efficiency and accelerating the introduction of new technologies to transition to a low-carbon future.
Requires energy efficiency information, in the form of a Building Energy Efficiency Certificate, to be provided when commercial office over a certain size (1,000 square meters) is offered for sale or lease. Aims to improve the energy efficiency of Australia’s large office buildings and includes heavy financial penalties for non-compliance.
Allows farmers and land managers to earn carbon credits by storing carbon or reducing greenhouse gas emissions on the land. These credits can then be sold to people and businesses wishing to offset their emissions. Encourages sustainable farming and providing a source of funding for landscape restoration projects. The CFI is a legislated offsets scheme.
Supports the development and implementation of energy management and energy efficiency strategies by companies. Produces resources such as case studies, energy saving opportunities in key sectors and technologies, information on business support programs, financing options and business case guidance to help companies integrate energy efficiency into all areas of their business.
Establishes energy efficiency provisions for all building classifications under Building Code Australia (BCA) and a Nation-wide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) to enable householders to assess the energy efficiency of houses.
Establishes the Australian Government’s Safeguard Mechanism, under the NGER scheme, to ensure that emission reductions purchased by the Government are not offset by significant increases in emissions above business as usual levels elsewhere in the economy.
Establishes the legislative framework for the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme, which introduces a single national reporting framework for the reporting and dissemination of information related to GHG emissions, GHG projects, energy consumption and energy production of corporations. Establishes thresholds in relation to GHG emissions, energy production and energy consumption. Corporations that meet an annual NGER threshold must register with the Clean Energy Regulator, and submit annual reports of GHG emissions, energy production, energy consumption, and other information. Information is housed in the NGER EERS.
Phases out inefficient incandescent bulbs and promotes efficient lighting alternatives including compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Implemented through the establishment of minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for lighting products.
Establishes a voluntary performance-based rating system that measures an existing buildings overall environmental performance during operation (National Australian Built Environment Rating System – NABERS). Measures the energy efficiency, water usage, waste management and indoor environment quality of a building or tenancy and its impact on the environment.
Establishes a database for environmental performance of all new vehicles sold in Australia weighing 3.5 tons or less: the Green Vehicle Guide (GVG). Provides model-specific fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data, based on data provided by manufacturers for each vehicle as part of the certification process. In 2015, the GVG underwent an upgrade to place a stronger focus on CO2 emissions and improve the ability of consumers to calculate annual fuel costs and CO2 emissions of individual models.
Requires a fuel consumption label to be placed on windscreens of all new vehicles up to 3.5 tons, showing fuel consumption and the CO2 emissions. This also applies to new electric and externally chargeable (“plug-in”) hybrid electric vehicles.
Aims to increase the energy efficiency of lighting, appliances, and equipment used in residential, commercial, and manufacturing sectors in Australia and New Zealand. Administers energy efficiency standards as well as labeling programs (Minimum Energy Performance Standards [MEPS] and High Efficiency Performance Standards [HEPS]) and comparative energy rating labeling. New Zealand is a partner in the E3 Program under a bilateral agreement between Australia and New Zealand. Performance standards and energy rating labeling are regulated through state and territory government regulations and penalties exist for non-compliance.
By 2030, 26-28% reduction in GHG emissions, economy-wide, below 2005 levels.
States objectives for Co2 Capture at Hawiyah Plant: to boost oil recovery by 7% to 9% and permanently sequester roughly 40% of the injected CO2.
Establishes objectives for state-owned Saudi Aramco: -Reduce energy consumption at our facilities by 2% per year -Design new facilities to be energy efficient -Increase overall energy efficiency -Influence and promote energy efficiency at the national level
Provides framework for desalination activity and addresses various aspects of the industry, including production, dispatch, and transportation. Includes codes for planning, connection, operating, water metering, scheduling & dispatch.
Provides regulations and technical requirements for energy distribution.
Establishes energy efficiency standards and ratings. Requires a variety of appliances to be registered with Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO) and labeled with an energy efficiency rating (construction and building materials, chemical and petroleum products, electrical and electronic products, mechanical and metal products). Creates labeling scheme for non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps; ducted air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps; household refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers and freezers; household washing machines.
By 2023, 9.5GW renewable energy generated, as part of Vision 2030.
By 2032, 3GW of electricity generated from waste.
By 2032, 25GW of electricity generated by Concentrated Solar Power (CSP).
By 2032, 16GW installed capacity of solar PV.
By 2032, 1GW installed capacity of geothermal energy.
By 2032, aim to generate 9GW of electricity form wind, that will be used primarily for seawater desalination and the conversion of brackish water to potable water.
By 2032, generate 17.6GW of nuclear power.
Establishes the King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE), charged with research and implementation of atomic and renewable energy policies. KACARE seeks to partner with local and international businesses to advance Saudi Arabia’s renewable and atomic energy goals. KACARE is also pursuing the issuance of solar energy tenders.
Establishes a fuel economy label for light vehicles (under 3500 kg) with six levels of energy efficiency.
For the transportation sector, defines objectives and requirements relating to energy efficiency. Requires vehicle suppliers to provide information on vehicle’s fuel consumption. States that a program will be established to address older inefficient vehicles and that the SEEC is considering the possibility of a reward and punishment system to encourage more efficient vehicles. Created a fuel economy label.
For the industry sector, aims to increase consumption efficiencies for steel, cement, petrochemicals industries (other industries to be added), and establish quantitative objectives. States that new specifications will be established for energy efficiency for equipment including engines and boilers, in compliance with the international specifications.
Defines policy objectives related to energy efficiency, including the introduction of energy audits, energy efficiency labels, standards for appliances, and a construction code. Phase 2 of the Program is focused on the capacity of the Saudi Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC). The intended outcomes include: the development of an Energy Conservation Law with related regulations and targets, the establishment of a national energy information system, the creation of training programs for energy mangers / capacity development, and a campaign to increase public awareness on energy conservation. SEEC houses the Saudi Energy Efficiency Program (SEEP), which establishes initiatives related to energy consumption for construction, land transportation, and industry sectors.
By 2030, 30% increase in energy efficiency (electricity) from 2005 levels.
By 2030, avoid up to 130 million tons of CO2eq.
Aims to promote energy investments in Egypt, including renewable energy investment. Establishes incentives to encourage investment: reduces related sales tax, sets low custom duties on renewable energy equipment (2%), refunds expenses paid to extend infrastructure facilities to the project’s land, subsidizes training programs and social insurance for employees, allocates government-owned at discounted values.
Reforms the Egyptian electricity market and aims to strengthen competitiveness of electricity market and ensure freedom of competition. The Electricity Utility and Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency is given responsibility for regulating the development and promotion of renewable energy production and use, increasing electricity use efficiency, and issuing renewable source certificates. Allows for private sector participation in electricity generation and distribution and sets out the framework for market liberalization. This law also codifies the permitting and licensing for renewable electricity production.
By 2027, install around 3,500 MW of solar power plants (2,800 MW CSP + 700 MW PV). Private investment share of these installations is estimated for 67% through competitive bidding, feed-in tariff and third party access schemes.
Establishes competitive bidding mechanism for build-own-operate (BOO) contracts for renewable energy procurement. The Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC) will hold five rounds of tenders for BOO contracts and the New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) is responsible for land provision to selected projects. After the decommissioning of a project, the land goes back to NREA. Contracts can be granted for 20 (wind) and 25 (solar) years.
Establishes a feed-in tariff system for solar PV and wind projects with capacity less than 50 MW in order to increase renewable energy production. States that long-term leases of state-owned land will be provided to private investors charged at 2% of the electricity produced.
Aims to incentivize electricity production from renewable energy sources and private sector investment.
Outlines incentives for private investment in renewable energy: long-term Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) of 20-25 years; a feed-in tariff system; a renewable energy fund to provide subsidies; exemption of renewable energy equipment from custom duties; and the pre-allocation of 7600 square km of land for renewable projects.
By 2020, generate 20% of the country’s electricity from renewable sources, including 12% from wind energy. Notes that one third of the installed capacity, or 2,400MW, will be publicly funded and implemented by the New and Renewable Energy Authority and two thirds of the installed capacity, or 4,800MW, will be achieved through private investments facilitated by government incentives.
Outlines national concept for adaptation and mitigation measures and calls for international aid to assist in implementation. Identifies key pillars of sustainable development strategy: more efficient use of energy, increased use of renewable energy, use of advanced locally-appropriate and more-efficient fossil fuel technologies, and energy subsidy reform (implemented by setting different prices for petroleum products based on energy generation efficiency; increasing the efficiency of energy use; providing support to certain sectors to promote switching from conventional energy sources to clean energy sources; and applying the fuel subsidy smartcard system to ensure that subsidies are received by target beneficiaries). Also identifies key technology-related needs: improvements in energy conversion efficiencies, CCS, co-utilization of fossil fuel and biomass in the same plants, and the utilization of co-generation plants.
Aims at reducing HCFC consumption in the air-conditioning and foam sectors. This is a grant of USD $23 million administered by the World Bank.
Voluntary scheme that attaches a ‘green label’ to specific products. Products must be manufactured or assembled by ISO 9002 certified plants, quality control plant according to the test method number 5.6.1, or certified by other standardized tests of product quality that may be set in the future. Products must also be manufactured, transported and disposed of in a manner meeting requirements of all applicable governmental acts and regulations.
Sets carbon intensity from power sector targets: Amount of carbon dioxide emission per unit (kgCO2/kWh): 2021 – 0.399; 2026 – 0.370; 2030 – 0.342; and 2036 – 0.319 Amount of carbon dioxide emission per annum (thousand tons of CO2): 2021 – 93,689; 2026 – 98,950; 2030 – 99,822; and 2036 – 104,075 To achieve these targets, the Plan sets target shares of energy consumption for individual energy sources to be reached in the sector: Imported hydro power: 10-15% (2026), 15-20% (2036) Clean coal including lignite: 20-25% (2026), 20-25% (2036) Renewable energy including hydro: 10-20% (2026), 15-20% (2036) Natural gas: 45-50% (2026), 30-40% (2036) Nuclear: 0% (2026), 0-5% (2036) Diesel/Fuel: 0% (2026), 0% (2036)
Emphasizes importance of improving power system reliability, reducing dependence on natural gas power generation, increasing clean coal technology deployment, and developing renewable energy. Focuses on: Energy Security: coping with the increasing power demand to correspond to National Economic and Social Development Plan and taking into account fuel diversification Economy: maintaining an appropriate cost of power generation for long-term economic competitiveness Ecology: lessening carbon dioxide intensity of power generation. Thailand Power Development Plan (2015-2036)
Aims to support fossil fuel management in line with the goals of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) and Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP 2015), while taking into account the environment and potential risks to the country’s energy security. Sets five key management principles and details each with proposed measures: Support measures to save fuel in the transportation sector Promote optimal type of fuel according to uses Restructuring prices of fuel to reflect cost of pollution, road damage and other externalities Enhance ethanol and biodiesel consumption Encourage investment in the fuel infrastructure
Establishes the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) as regulatory body for the energy industry, with the following authority and duties: ensure security and reliability of the power system; inspect the energy industry operations of licensees to ensure efficiency and transparency; promote knowledge and awareness in relation to energy; promote and support human resources development in order to increase efficiency in the energy industry; promote economical and efficient use of energy and the use of renewable energy and low-impact energy, with due consideration of the efficiency of the electricity industry operations and the balance of natural resources.
Requires large-scale energy businesses, e.g. those in the electricity, oil and natural gas industry, to implement energy conservation promotion measures to encourage their customers to reduce energy use by a specified minimum standard (Energy Efficiency Resource Standards: EERS), instead of allowing such measures to be voluntarily undertaken as previously practiced.
Aims to reduce energy elasticity (the percentage change in energy consumption to achieve 1% change in national GDP) from an average of 0.98 in the past 20 years to 0.7 in the next 20 years.
Prioritizes the transportation sector for energy efficiency conservation measures.
By 2030, reduce energy intensity by 25%, compared with 2005 levels.
Requires “designated” factories and buildings to conduct energy audits and set targets for energy conservation. Establishes the Energy Conservation Promotion Fund to finance projects and research related to energy conservation.
Establishes the Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO), which serves as the Designated National Authority for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects in Thailand. It reviews CDM projects for approval and provides technical assistance.
By 2021, at least 25% of energy consumption to be from renewable energy sources. Climate Change Master Plan 2015-2050
By 2021, 7-20% reduction of GHG emissions from energy and transport sectors, compared to 2005 levels and subject to level of international support.
By 2036, 30% of final energy consumption to be from renewable energy sources.
By 2036, 25% share of renewable energy in fuel consumption of transportation sector.
By 2036, 6,000 MW of electricity generated by large hydro.
By 2036, 3,002 MW of electricity generated by wind.
By 2036, 6,000 MW of electricity generated by solar.
By 2036, 600 MW of electricity generated by biogas (WW/SW). By 2036, 680 MW of electricity generated by biogas (energy crop).
By 2036, 5,570 MW of electricity generated by biomass.
By 2036, 376 MW of electricity generated by small hydro.
By 2036, 20-25% share of biofuel in fuel production.
By 2036, 30-35% share of renewable energy in heat production.
By 2036, 15-20% renewable energy in electricity production.
By 2036, 20% of net national electrical energy demand to be supplied by renewable energy sources.
By 2036, increase of renewable energy to around 20,000 MW.
By 2030, conditional reduction of up to 25% of GHG emissions, compared to 2005 levels, subject to adequate and enhanced access to technology development and transfer, financial resources and capacity building support.
By 2030, 20% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 2005 levels, economy-wide.
Establishes a combined bonus-malus system to encourage the purchase of low-polluting vehicles. The bonus concerns the vehicles that emit maximum 110g CO2/km. The malus applies to the vehicles that emit more than 130g CO2/km. Incentivizes replacement of vehicles by also granting a conversion premium if you buy an environmentally friendly vehicle and scrap an older diesel car.
Establishes a new support scheme for electricity produced from renewable energy sources, consisting of a feed-in-premium scheme. This scheme will be applied to installations which capacity larger than 500 kWc, in compliance with the European Commission regulation on state aid.
Requires suppliers of energy (electricity, gas, heating oil, LPG, heat, refrigeration) to meet government-mandated targets for energy savings achieved through the suppliers residential and tertiary customers. The energy savings certificates (CEE) scheme is based on a three-yearly obligation to make energy savings under CEEs (1 CEE = 1 kWh cumac61 of final energy). The third period (2015-2017) had a target of 850 TWh cumac for the period, of which 150 TWh cumac is for households in fuel poverty. The fourth period (2018-2020) increases the CEE target for the fourth period (2018-2020) to 1 600 TWh cumac, of which 400 TWh cumac is for households in fuel poverty.
Requires that all new homes and buildings for sale must undergo an energy performance evaluation (an energy performance diagnostic, or DPE), and receive an energy performance certificate. The certificate indicates both the level of energy consumption and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission level, on a scale of A to G, with G being least efficient and highest GHG emissions. The diagnostic must be accompanied with recommendations on improving the buildings energy efficiency. The diagnostic and certificates must also be provided for rentals, and is to be provided for all new construction where the building permit was submitted after 1 July 2007. DPE applies to all public buildings, and public display of the certificate is mandatory.
By 2020, achieve 10.5% of energy demand in transport sector met by renewable energy sources.
By 2020, achieve 23% of share of energy generated from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption, achieve 33% of heat consumption met by renewable sources, and achieve 27% of electricity demand met by electricity generated from renewable energy sources.
Establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community (EU), directive 2003/87/EC.
Requires transport providers (passenger or freight transport businesses, removal firms, taxi firms, freight forwarders, travel agents, etc.) to inform their customers of the CO2 emissions of each transport service.
Mandates a CO2 label for passenger cars for all new vehicles on their first sale. Labels display average carbon dioxide emissions in grams per kilometer. Labels list grades from A (less than 100 gms/km) to G (more than 250 gms/km) and specify average emissions in several driving conditions, from aggressive to leisured, and intercity to freeway.
By 2030, significantly increase the energy efficient renovation of residential and tertiary buildings to reduce energy consumption by 28 % compared to 2010, with interim targets of 8 % for 2018 and 15 % by 2023.
Creation of the interest-free eco-loan (eco-PTZ) in 2009 aimed at individual owner-occupiers or landlords in order to finance major renovation work, specifically for overall energy performance of the building and upgrading sewage system for energy consumption reductions.
Creation of the interest-free eco-loan (eco-PTZ) in 2009 aimed at individual owner-occupiers or landlords in order to finance major renovation work, specifically for overall energy performance of the building and upgrading sewage system for energy consumption reductions.
By 2020, improve energy efficiency by 20% (Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency (EED)).
By 2020, establishes dual target of reducing France’s energy consumption to 131.4 Mtoe of final energy and 219.9 Mtoe of primary energy (excluding non-energy uses and international bunkers). Targets were established in accordance with Article 3 of Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency (EED).
Mandates an energy audit to be conducted for large firms every four years (except for ISO 50001 certified companies). The firms concerned are ones that have more than 250 employees or revenues exceeding 50 million euros total assets s exceeding 43 million euros in the last two accounting years (grand enterprises EU status equivalent).
By 2022, increase the share of non-road and non-aviation transport to 25% from 14% in 2009.
By 2020, reduce fuel consumption passenger/km by 50% and reduce by 50% total fuel consumption in aviation transport. Also by 2020, inaugurate 2,000 km of high-speed rail by 2020
By 2020, reduce energy consumption in old buildings by 38%.
Establishes a ‘low consumption building’ norm to all new buildings starting end 2012 (less than 50kWh/m2/year of primary energy consumption).
Establishes new incentive mechanisms such as tax exemptions, energy labels for buildings, and a White Certificate Program to encourage energy efficiency among firms in the energy sector as envisaged in the 2004 Climate Plan.
Establishes a High Council on Energy to manage all aspects of the energy sector (including a White Certificate scheme to encourage energy efficiency).
Establishes the transposition of the EU Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings (standards, energy performance certificate, energy efficiency studies before construction begins).
Mandates that the government must develop upon a Climate Plan every two years.
Earmarks EUR 388 million of financial aid for the acquisition of clean vehicles (EUR 266 million) and the withdrawal of greater polluting vehicles (€122 million).
Creates a more stringent environmental penalty for (based on the only carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of vehicles): the trigger threshold of the malus is lowered from 127 to 120 grams of CO2/km. The law sets a progressive scale ranging from 50 euros for the least emitting vehicles to 10,500 euros for those emitting 185 g of CO2/km or more.
Sets a trajectory for the carbon component of domestic consumption tax rates for the 2018-2022 period. The value of the carbon component of the tariffs for these taxes is set at 44.60 euros / tonne of CO2 in 2018, 55 euros in 2019 and 65, 40 euros in 2020, to reach 86.20 euros in 2022
Aims at better monitoring of waste as well as countering against chemical waste trafficking and unregulated waste disposal.
Establishes that as of 1 January 2020, at least 40% of paper products, stationery and fiber-based prints acquired by state services and local authorities and their groupings are to be made from recycled paper, with the rest to come from sustainably managed forests.
Establishes that as of 1 January 2017, at least 25% of paper products, stationery and fiber-based prints acquired by state services and local authorities and their groupings are to be made from recycled paper, with the rest to come from sustainably managed forests.
By 2020, state services and local authorities are to decrease their office paper consumption by 30%.
Establishes that as of 1 January 2017, the use of non-biodegradable and non-compostable plastic packaging for sending addressed or non-addressed press and advertising is prohibited. Prohibits the production, distribution, sale, provision and use of packaging or bags made wholly or partly from oxo-fragmentable plastic (biodegradable but not compostable).
Establishes that as of 1 January 2016, disposable plastic bags available at supermarket counters are prohibited, and from 1 January 2017, “fruit and vegetables” plastic bags are prohibited.
Aims to decrease the domestic material consumption per capita (consumer products, food waste, electronic waste) and increase recycling rates.
By 2030, increase by 30% the ratio of the GDP to domestic material consumption from 2010.
Requires institutional investors to disclose information to beneficiaries on how their investment decision-making process takes social, environmental and governance criteria into consideration (including climate risk), and the means implemented to contribute to the financing of the ecological and energy transition. Requires investors to declare the environmental impact of their investment portfolios, including specific reference to impact on climate change.
Requires that banks and credit providers shall disclose the risks evidenced by the stress-tests that are regularly implemented in their mandatory risk reports.
Requires listed companies to disclose financial risks related to the effects of climate change and measures adopted by the company to reduce them
Allows metropolitan areas to reduce traffic speed on all or part of the city routes and introduce temporary traffic bans against polluting vehicles across the city. Creates price reductions for access to public transport in case of traffic ban for certain type of vehicles
Requires that taxi and rental companies will have to reach a minimum of 10% of low-carbon vehicles in their vehicle fleet.
Requires the State to prioritize electric and low-carbon vehicles in procurement (at least 50% of new procurement).
Establishes a clean transport program, which incentivizes citizens to buy low-emission vehicles by installing approximately 7 million charging stations and dedicated parking places.
Establishes a clean transport program, which incentivizes citizens to buy low-emission vehicles by installing approximately 7 million charging stations and dedicated parking places.
Simplifies administrative procedures for energy upgrades of communal parts of buildings as well as procedures for building certifications.
Establishes that government support for energy upgrades is maintained and mandates the installation of smart meters (some conditions apply).
Sets minimum energy consumption requirements for public buildings and, where possible, requires them to be energy positive. Establishes that minimum energy requirements applicable to social housing are extended from collective dwellings to individual housing and allows for energy upgrades or integration of renewable energy sources to be mandated through local plans.
By 2030, establish an increase in the carbon tax on fossil fuel, from the 2015 rate of €14.5 to €100 per ton, pending ratification of annual budget.
By 2020, establish an increase in the carbon tax on fossil fuel, from the 2015 rate of €14.5 to €56 per ton in 2020, pending ratification of annual budget.
Increase the share of renewables up to 32% of the energy mix by 2030.
By 2030, reduce France’s reliance on nuclear power from the current 75% (2015) to 50% and cap the total output from nuclear power at 63.2 GW.
By 2050, reduce the share of fossil fuels in energy production by 30% compared to 2012.
By 2050, reduce GHG emissions by 75% by 2050 from 1990, and reduce national energy usage by at least 50%.
By 2030, reduce GHG emissions by 40% from 1990.
Revises the mining code’s art. L.111-13 to expand the ban to other techniques that would lead to a pore pressure higher than lithostatic pressure in the geologic shell, excluding punctual maintenance operations or safety reasons.
Stipulates that fossil fuels importing companies shall make public, yearly from January 1st, 2019, the greenhouse gases emissions unitary intensity over the full life-cycle per unit of energy of imported hydrocarbons.
By 2040, establishes an end to all activities of exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon fossil fuels on the French territory, including the exclusive economic zone and the continental plateau. The ban includes gas, oil and coal, and stipulates that no further permit will be granted by the government. Permits already attributed can keep exploration and extraction activities ongoing.
Establishes new efficiency labels for buildings exceeding the Reglementation Thermique standard: HPE (Haute Performance Energétique): 10% further reduction and THPE (Très Haute Performance Energétique): 20% further reduction
By 2020, aims at reducing the CO2 emissions of new buildings by 13m-35m tonnes of CO2 from 2013 and reducing the primary energy consumption in new buildings by 150bn kWh from 2013.
Establishes that new residential buildings will be required to have a primary energy consumption lower than 50 kWh/m²/year and creates a minimum energy efficiency requirement for the ‘bioclimatic need’ – “Biomax” of the building, a maximum average primary energy consumption of the building below 50 kWh/m²/year – “Cmax,” and a summer comfort requirement.
By 2030, at least 40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels covering 100% of GHG emissions, to be fulfilled jointly between EU countries.
Establishes business income tax incentives to make clean energy projects, such as solar energy, wind energy and energy from waste, more fiscally attractive for industry. Allows for accelerated capital cost allowances, deductions, and write-offs for certain production systems, expenses, and equipment: for example, eligible equipment may be written-off at between 30 and 50 percent per year on a declining balance basis.
Provides funding for municipal environmental initiatives that improve air, water, and soil, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. GMF funding is available to all Canadian municipal governments and their partners for eligible projects. Endowed with $550 million.
Is party to the Global Methane Initiative (GMI), the only international effort to specifically target methane abatement, recovery, and use by focusing on biogas (which includes agriculture, municipal solid waste, and wastewater), coalmines, and oil and gas systems. The GMI is an international public-private initiative that advances cost effective, near-term methane abatement and recovery projects and the use of methane as a clean energy source.
Has committed significant resources (over $186 billion through to 2027-28) to low-carbon infrastructure.
Identifies electrification as an essential step in all deep GHG mitigation analyses. The electrification of end use applications that are currently using fossil fuels is fundamental, for example, using electricity to power certain cars, trucks, building appliances and heating systems, and energy requirements for some industries.
States that Canada’s forests and lands will continue to play an important role in sequestering substantial amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Without consideration of the global land sector, the 1.5 to 2°C temperature goal will be very hard to achieve.
States that the abatement of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, such as methane and hydrofluorocarbons, is a priority given their high global warming potentials. Additionally, although black carbon is not classified as a greenhouse gas, it has strong global warming effects that must also be addressed.
Proposed to work in partnership with Indigenous Peoples and northern and remote communities to reduce their reliance on diesel.
Aims to develop regulations to phase down the use of hydrofluorocarbons as part of Canada’s commitment to the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.
By 2018, aims to ensure carbon-pricing systems are implemented throughout Canada by 2018. With a federal benchmark calling a price starting at $10/tonne in 2018 and a $10/year increase until it reaches $50/tonne in 2022.
Establishes business income tax incentives to make clean energy projects, such as solar energy, wind energy and energy from waste, more fiscally attractive for industry. Allows for accelerated capital cost allowances, deductions, and write-offs for certain production systems, expenses, and equipment: for example, eligible equipment may be written-off at between 30 and 50 percent per year on a declining balance basis.
ENERGY STAR Canada is a voluntary partnership between the Government of Canada and organizations in the public, private and not-for-profit sectors to promote energy efficiency. It certifies products, new homes, buildings, and facilities.
Requirements for new construction of buildings reduces the overall thermal transmittance of roofs, fenestration and doors; reduces losses through thermal bridging in building assemblies; and, reduces the allowable percentage of skylight area. Sets technical requirements for the energy efficiency design and construction of new buildings, and establishes more stringent requirements for energy recovery systems and interior and exterior lighting requirements in buildings.
Provides funding for municipal environmental initiatives that improve air, water, and soil, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. GMF funding is available to all Canadian municipal governments and their partners for eligible projects. Endowed with $550 million.
Through 2020, aims to improve fuel efficiency in the aviation sector by an average rate of at least 2% per year, from a 2005 baseline.
Requires that new marine vessels of 400 gross tonnage and above must meet Energy Efficiency Design Index requirements that will increase energy efficiency by 30% by 2025. The Energy Efficiency Design Index requirements do not apply to domestic vessels voyaging only in Canadian waters.
Requires all marine vessels of 400 gross tonnage and above to have a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan on board, stating how each vessel will increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Proposed to invest in transmission lines between provinces and territories, as well as energy storage and “smart grid” technologies to make better use of renewable energy.
By 2030, aims to phase out traditional coal-fired electricity.
Proposed to develop a clean fuel standard.
Proposed to develop a Canada-wide strategy for zero-emission vehicles, and invest in charging and natural gas and hydrogen fuelling infrastructure.
By 2030, aims to increase the share of clean electricity in production from 80% to 90%.
Proposed to develop more energy efficient building codes for new and existing structures and work toward labeling energy use in buildings.
By 2018, aims to ensure carbon-pricing systems are implemented throughout Canada by 2018. With a federal benchmark calling a price starting at $10/tonne in 2018 and a $10/year increase until it reaches $50/tonne in 2022.
By 2025, aims to reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas sector by 40-50%.
Establishes energy efficiency regulations and labeling guidelines for certain household appliances, air conditioners, furnaces and heaters, boilers, water heaters, lamps and ballasts, lighting fixtures, electronics, and commercial refrigeration.
Further regulates GHG emissions in Phase II – for 2018 model trailers and for tractors and heavy truck engines between 2021 – 2027.
Requires companies to submit annual reports and maintain records relating to the GHG emission performance of their vehicles and fleets.
Creates additional credits for hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, as well as for innovative technologies to reduce GHG emissions.
Establishes GHG emission standards for on-road heavy-duty vehicles and engines, model year 2014 and later. Aligns with U.S. standards.
Sets performance standards for carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired electricity generation units and reporting requirements.
Establishes GHG emission standards for cars and light trucks of model years 2017 and beyond.
Requires 5% average renewable content in gasoline by 2010 and 2% average renewable content in diesel and heating oil by 2012. Establishes a framework within which the government can regulate biofuels content, including record keeping, reporting, and enforcement.
States that these greenhouse gases are subject to regulation: chlorofluorocarbon, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofuorocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride.
By 2030, achieve an economy-wide target to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 30% below 2005 levels. (Canada First NDC Revised: 11/05/2017)
By 2018, aims to increase the percentage of sustainably harvested forest resources to 58.7% from 31.6% in 2013, to reach 94% of forest areas certified under “good forest management practice,” to include at least 10.2% of forest area in the ‘payment for ecosystem services’ scheme, to increase the percentage of restored or rehabilitated forest area to 5.45% from 0.71% in 2013 (out of the areas designated for restoration), to reduce the percentage of wood sold on illegal markets to 0% from 27.6% in 2012, to achieve 8,750,000 tons of avoided CO2e emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and to increase by 30% the credits allocated for forestry development and conservation programs by the Development Bank of Mexico since 2012.
Aims to increase sustainable production and productivity of forests and to promote conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems and protect forest ecosystems.
Establishes the National Forestry Program 2014-2018, which aims to reduce GHG emissions and climate change impacts through the protection and development of forest ecosystems.
Aims to promote research and development on energy efficiency technologies.
Aims to contribute to the capacity building and dissemination of an energy savings culture in society.
Aims to promote the development of technical and technological capacities related to sustainable energy use.
Aims to strengthen the systems and government agencies responsible for energy efficiency at federal level, state and municipal level integrating public, private, academic and social institutions.
Aims to strengthen regulation of energy efficiency in appliances and energy consuming equipment manufactured and commercialized in the country.
Establishes the National Program for Sustainable Energy Use (known as PRONASE), which sets the strategy and actions for energy efficiency at a national level for all sectors through 2018.
By 2025, achieve 35% electricity generation capacity from clean, non-fossil, energy sources (nuclear, large hydro, CCS, RE).
By 2018, aims to increase installed renewable energy capacity including 1,3030 MW hydropower, 8,922 MW wind power, 784 MW of bioenergy, 1018 MW geothermal, and 627 MW solar PV.
Establishes the requirements for clean energy certificates, compliance systems, and penalties for non-compliance.
By 2024, generate at least 35% of power with clean technologies.
Launches MÉXICO2, a voluntary exchange that provides carbon credits to companies that develop environmentally friendly projects in the country. These credits can be used to offset costs from the carbon tax. The Mexican Stock Exchange (BVM) operates the program.
Establishes a tax on carbon from fossil fuel use, charging $3.50 per ton of emissions.
Establishes a voluntary market for emissions trading to promote GHG reductions in a cost-effective, verifiable, measurable and reportable manner (and establishes a framework for accounting of GHG emissions).
By 2050, reduce GHG emissions by 50% compared to 2000, subject to the availability of financial resources and technology transfer.
By 2020, reduce GHG emissions 30% below BAU, subject to the availability of financial resources and technology transfer.
Stipulates that costs previously externalized (including health and environmental impacts) are now to be included in evaluation of costs associated with operation and expansion of the Electricity Industry.
Establishes a Smart Grid Program to promote grid modernization to maintain a reliable and secure infrastructure to meet electricity demand.
By 2018, achieve a minimum share of clean energies in power generation of 25%, 30 % by 2021, and 35 % by 2024 under the Secretariat of Energy (CRE).
Regulates the exploration and exploitation of geothermal resources for the use of the thermal energy of the subsoil. (Defines geothermal concessions and regulates prospection and exploration.)
Establishes Clean Energy Certificates (CEL) as an instrument to promote new investments in clean energies as well as the national goals of clean generation of electricity.
Between 2013 to 2030, reduce emissions intensity per unit of GDP by around 40%.
By 2026, reach net emissions peak, decoupling GHG emissions from economic growth.
By 2030, reduce 25% of its Greenhouse Gases and Short Lived Climate Pollutants emissions below BAU (973 MtCO2eq per year) levels. This commitment implies a reduction of 22% of GHG and a reduction of 51% of Black Carbon. The 25% reduction could increase up to a 40% in a conditional manner, subject to a global agreement addressing important topics including international carbon price, carbon border adjustments, technical cooperation, access to low-cost financial resources and technology transfer, all at a scale commensurate to the challenge of global climate change. Within the same conditions, GHG reductions could increase up to 36%, and Black Carbon reductions to 70% by 2030.
Establishes the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE) as the entity in charge of regulation and surveillance, and establishes the National Center for Energy Control (CENACE) as the operational control of the National Electric System (SEN). The Mexican State retains the functions of planning, regulation, control, transmission and distribution of electricity.
Regulates the regime of the electricity sector to move to a new model based on free competition in the activities of generation and commercialization.
Requirements on new and modified oil and gas sources to take steps to reduce amongst other pollutants, methane. Note that this rule is currently being reviewed by the Trump administration, however the stay ordered by the EPA has been challenged in the federal appeals court which ruled that the EPA cannot suspend this rule.
A requirement on the US federal government agencies to purchase alternative technologies without HFCs where possible.
Requirement for energy efficiency standards for a variety of products, commercial and industrial equipment.
A production tax credit for wind and solar systems not claiming the Investment Tax Credit, phasing out ending 2019.
An investment tax credit for solar systems and wind energy on residential and commercial properties, including utility-scale projects. Such tax credits range from 30% to 10% depending on the year and technology implemented.
By 2025, at least 30% of total electricity consumption for a federal agency to come from renewable energy.
Requirements on new fossil fuel-fired power plants to meet national emission standards. Note that this rule is currently being reviewed by the Trump Administration.
The Clean Power Plan required that states submit plans specifically designed to limit GHG emissions from fossil-fueled power plants. The Clean Power Plan is currently under review.
Electric vehicles receive a tax credit between USD$2,000 and USD$7,500 depending on the size of vehicle and battery capacity.
Annual requirement for a certain volume of renewable fuels to be used instead of petroleum. Renewable fuels include Biomass-based diesel, Cellulosic biofuel, advanced biofuel and total renewable fuel.
Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards for passenger vehicles and light trucks of 163 grams/mile in model year 2025. Note that the current administration has requested that the EPA/DOT review these Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards.
Financial incentives for farmers to retire land from productions for 10-15 years if the land is of particular environmental importance.
By 2025, 26-28% reductions in GHG emissions compared to 2005 levels. This target is set under the US INDC, however it has since been announced that the US will withdraw from the Paris Agreement. We note that despite this announcement, as at currently, the US still remains in the Paris Agreement.
The Brazilian National Development Bank has established the Amazon Fund, which raises funds to finance projects which address deforestation, as well as generate emission reductions.
The Energy Development Fund was established in 2002 to finance renewable energy among others and promote renewable energy.
Preferential financing is given for renewable energy projects which meet local content requirements by the Brazilian National Development Bank.
A 2020 aim for a 5% reduction of emissions and energy use in the industrial sector.
By 2030, achieve 10% reduction in electricity consumption.
Implementation of Renewable Energy Auctions which provides for new renewable capacity to be constructed (Decree 5163 of 2004 and Decree 6048 of 2007)
By 2024, increase the share of renewables to 27% from 16% in 2015, including the following: – expand wind power capacity to 24GW which is equivalent to 11.6% of total installed power capacity. – expand solar power capacity to 7GW which is equivalent to 3.3% of total installed power capacity.
By 2024, expand hydro generation to 117GW which equates to 56.7% of total installed power capacity.
By 2030, achieve 45% renewable energy including expanding non-hydro renewable energy sources between 28-33%.
Between 2015-2024, expand estimated total investments for transmission capacity by USD$40 billion.
By 2030, increase share of sustainable biofuels to 18%.
Brazil continues to be an active participant to implement mitigation actions under REDD+.
The Brazilian government has announced that by 2030, it will restore 12 million hectares of deforested and degraded forest land.
By 2030, reduce illegal deforestation to zero.
The Brazilian government has announced that by 2030, it will implement 5 million hectares of integrated crop, livestock and forest management.
The Brazilian government has announced that by 2020, it will restore 5 million hectares of degraded pasture land.
An indicative 2030 target of a 43% reduction of economy wide GHG emissions below 2005 levels.
By 2025, 37% reduction of economy wide GHG emissions below 2005 levels.
Proposed that by 2030, install 17.8GW of renewable energy capacity.
Mandatory requirement with respect to blending of biofuels including the following: – minimum concentration for biodiesel blending is 5% v/v – minimum level for bio-ethanol blending is 2% v/v and maximum is 10% v/v (Regulations Regarding the Mandatory Blending of Bio-fuels with Petrol and Diesel (IEA database))
A draft national carbon tax bill has been proposed but not yet implemented.
From the end of 2020, it is intended that economy wide GHG emissions will peak, plateau and decline. Under this trajectory, by 2025 and 2030, national emissions will range between 398 and 614 MtCO2-eq.
The UK currently implements the requirements with respect to F-gases of the EU. Recommendations have been made by the Committee on Climate Change that F-gas Regulations of the EU should at least be mirrored under UK laws or that UK should remain in the EU schemes.
Funding biomass-fueled heat, and Combined Heat and Power projects in the industrial, commercial and community sectors, promoting the efficient use and deployment of biomass for energy.
The UK currently implements the energy efficiency targets and policies of the EU. Recommendations have been made by the Committee on Climate Change that product efficiency standards and labeling requirements of the EU should at least be mirrored under UK laws or that UK should remain in the EU schemes.
By 2020, 15% of energy consumption in the UK to be from renewable sources.
Requirement on transportation fuel suppliers to ensure that a set percentage of their sales are from renewable sources, as well as for the suppliers to report on carbon savings and sustainable production of biofuels supplied.
New and unused cars which are electric or meet a CO2 emission threshold qualify as deductions from taxable business income in the first tax year after purchase.
Electric vehicles are exempt from the fuel benefit charge as electricity is not a fuel.
Implementation of domestic grants for ultra-low emission vehicles including: – Vehicles which emit less than 50g of CO2/km and can travel at least 112 km without any CO2 emissions receive 35% of the purchase price up to a maximum of GBP4,500. – Vehicles which emit less than 50g of CO2/km and can travel at least 16 km without any CO2 emissions receive 35% of the purchase price up to a maximum of GBP2,500. – Vehicles which emit between 50g and 75g of CO2/km and can travel at least 32 km without any CO2 receive 35% of the purchase price, up to a maximum of GBP2,500. – Motorcycles with no CO2 emissions and can travel at least 50km between changes will receive 20% of the purchase price, up to a maximum of GBP1,500. – Vans which emit 75g or less of CO2/km and can travel at least 16km without any CO2 emissions receive 20% of the purchase price, up to a maximum of GBP8,000.
The UK currently implements the vehicle fuel efficiency standards of the EU. Recommendations have been made by the Committee on Climate Change that new vehicle fuel efficiency standards of the EU should at least be mirrored under UK laws or that UK should remain in the EU Schemes.
Recommendations have been made for the UK government to introduce more sustainable and efficient policies for the food and farming industry.
The UK currently implements the EU ETS with an additional floor price. Recommendations have been made by the Committee on Climate Change that the EU ETS should at least be mirrored under UK laws or that UK should remain in the EU ETS.
By 2032, at least 57% economy wide reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, based on a 5-year carbon budget.
By 2027, at least 51% economy wide reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, based on a 5-year carbon budget.
By 2022, at least 37% economy wide reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, based on a 5-year carbon budget.
By 2017, at least 31% economy wide reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, based on a 5-year carbon budget.
By 2050, reduce economy wide GHG emissions by at least 80% compared to a 1990 levels.
The Carbon Plan outlines scenarios to meet the UK 5-year carbon budgets up to 2027.
By 2047, reduce HFCs by 85% below 2024-2026 levels.
Excise of USD$6 per tonne of coal from domestic and international sources, with funds raised to be invested into clean energy projects. (National Clean Energy Fund and Clean Energy Cess)
Mandatory requirement on designated customers within energy-intensive sectors to meet certain requirements to meet certain energy savings. (Perform Achieve Trade and Energy Conservation Act)
By 2018-2019, aim to save 10% on energy consumption. (National Smart Grid Mission)
By 2022, aims to increase installed capacity by the following amounts: – 60GW of wind – 100GW of solar – 10GW of biomass – 100GW of hydropower
By 2022, increase renewable energy capacity up to 175GW.
By 2030, achieve around 40% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources.
Investment of around USD$2.5billion on electricity grid infrastructure.
Subsidies for electric and hybrid vehicles ranging from USD 165 to USD 360 for mild hybrids, USD 885 to USD 1065 for strong hybrids and USD 900 and USD 2,010 for electric vehicles. (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicle Program)
Long term goal to bring 33% of India’s geographic area under forest cover, and aim to increase forest cover by 5 million hectares. (Green India Mission)
By 2030, reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 33-35% below the 2005 level.
By 2020, reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 20-25% below the 2005 level.
By fiscal year 2030, reduce fluorinated gases (including HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3) by 25.1% compared to fiscal year 2013, equivalent to approximately 28.9 million t-CO2. (Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons)
By fiscal year 2030, reduce methane by 12.3% compared to fiscal year 2013, equivalent to 31.6 million t-CO2.
Subsidies for emissions reductions for implementation of new technologies. Emission reductions are based on an emissions reduction target set by entities, based on emissions from the most recent three years. Double counting of subsidies with J-credits and JCM is prohibited.
By fiscal year 2030, achieve savings of 50.3 billion liters crude oil equivalent, equivalent to a 35% improvement on energy efficiency. (2015 Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook)
Electric power companies are required to purchase electricity generated from renewable sources under a feed-in-tariff scheme.
By the 2030 fiscal year, for approximately 22-24% of power generation to come from renewable sources: – Solar – approximately 7% – Wind – approximately 1.7% – Geothermal – approximately 1-1.1% – Hydro power – approximately 8.8-9.2% – Biomass – approximately 3.7-4.6%
By the 2030 fiscal year,for approximately 20-22% of power generation to come from nuclear power.
By the 2030 fiscal year,a 25% reduction of emissions from energy-originated CO2 below 2013 levels, equivalent to a 24% reduction below 2005 levels. (Global Warming Countermeasure Promotion Act)
Tax reductions and subsidies of 50 to 100% for hybrids, plug-in electric, electric, fuel cell, clean diesel and natural gas vehicles.
Tax breaks for low-polluting vehicles and higher tax rates for petrol based vehicles more than 13 years old and diesel vehicles more than 11 years old.
A 2030 aim for 70% of new vehicles sold to be highly energy efficient vehicles.
By the 2030 fiscal year, remove 37 million tonnes of CO2 through cropland management, grazing land management, and revegetation. This is equivalent to a 2.6% reduction based on the 2013 fiscal year. (Global Warming Countermeasure Promotion Act)
The Japanese greenhouse gas emission reduction certification system (J-credit) generates offsetting credits for approved methodologies applied within Japan. It covers sectors including energy, industrial processes, agriculture, waste and forestry.
The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) allows Japanese and foreign firms to invest in emission reduction projects and programs in developing countries to earn offset credits. It covers sectors including electricity production and distribution, transportation, industry and waste management.
By 2050, an 80% economy wide reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, with the base year unclear. (The Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures under the Global Warming Countermeasure Promotion Act)
By fiscal year 2030, a 26% economy wide reduction of greenhouse emissions below 2013 levels, equivalent to a 25.4% reduction below 2005 levels. (The Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures under the Global Warming Countermeasure Promotion Act)
By 2020, coal power plants over 600MW required to achieve 300g of coal equivalent/kWh
By 2020, cap annual primary energy consumption at 4.8 billion tons of standard coal equivalent.
By 2020, 15% reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP compared to 2015 levels.
By 2030, new energy demand to be met mostly by clean energy.
By 2030, at least 20% of total primary energy consumption to come from non-renewable sources.
By 2020, install the following: – 380GW of hydropower; – 205GW of onshore wind; – 5GW offshore wind; – 110GW of Solar PV (60GW of which is distributed solar); – 5 GW of CSP/STE; – 15GW of Bioenergy; and – 530MW of Geothermal.
By 2020, 15% of total primary energy consumption to come from non-renewable sources, including increasing installed renewable capacity to 680GW.
By 2030, 80% of the coal fleet to be ultra-low polluting coal-fired power plants.
By 2030, 50% of total power generation to be from non-fossil power generation.
Reduce the consumption of coal and ensure China’s total energy consumption stays below five billion metric tons of standard coal per year.
Estimated that by 2020, production and sales of electric cars and plug-in hybrid vehicles will reach 5 million and that that there will be cars produced that consume 5 liters of fossil fuels/100km.
Aim to turn 1 million hectares of marginal cropland into forest or grassland and increase forest coverage to 23.04% by 2020.
Planned national emissions trading scheme which covers sectors including power, petrochemicals, chemicals, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, building production and materials, pulp and paper, and aviation.
By 2050, more than 50% of primary energy consumption to come from non-fossil energy.
Around 2030 or earlier, for economy wide CO2 emissions to peak.
By 2030, 60-65% economy wide reduction of carbon emissions per unit of GDP below 2005 levels.
By 2020, 18% economy wide reduction of carbon emissions per unit of GDP below 2015 levels.
By 2029, reduce peak electricity demand by 12% compared to business as usual.
By 2029, reduce annual electricity demand by 14.3% compared to business as usual.
By 2024, 10% of energy generation to come from renewable and “new” energy sources, which includes Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plants.
By 2020, average emissions standards to be 97g CO2/km for new light passenger vehicles, and 166g CO2/km for light commercial vehicles.
The South Korean Emissions Trading Scheme covers 525 businesses from 23 sub-sectors including steel, cement, petrochemicals, refinery, power, buildings, waste and aviation.
By 2030, a 37% reduction of emissions compared to business-as-usual levels.
By 2030, regulated cuts in F-gas emissions by two thirds compared to 2014 levels.
20% of 2014-2020 EU budget is dedicated to climate mitigation and adaptation.
Proposed emissions reductions targets for member states in non-EU ETS sectors (including transport, buildings, agriculture and waste management).
Proposed update in 2020 to the energy efficiency target that by 2030, there will be 30% savings.
Endorsed 2030 indicative energy savings target of 27% by 2030.
By 2020, achieve energy savings of at least 20%.
By 2030, binding target of at least 27% renewable energy in the EU.
Mandates renewable energy targets towards the total EU target for renewable energy for individual member states to achieve 2020 target.
By 2020, increase share of renewable energy in energy consumption to a minimum of 20%.
Suggested target by 2030 for 15% electricity interconnection between EU countries.
By 2020, target of 10% electricity interconnection.
EUR 6.4 billion for investment between 2014-2020 for low-carbon mobility projects.
EUR 39 billion to support the move towards low-emission mobility, of which EUR 12 billion for low-carbon and sustainable urban mobility
Proposed by 2030, progressive increase in the share of renewable energy used in transport fuels
Aim by 2020, that all emissions from vans be 147 gCO2/km. This represents a 19% reduction compared to the 2012 van fleet average.
By 2021, mandated that all emissions from new cars to be an average of 95 gCO2/km. This represents reductions of 40% compared to 2007 fleet average of 158.7gCO2/km. To be phased in from 2020.
Suggested by the European Commission in July 2016 that by 2050, to reduce GHG emissions from the transportation section by 60% below 1990 levels.
Proposed by the European Commission that from 2021, lower the emission cap by 2.2% per year.
Until 2020,allowances for the aviation sector of 210,465,788 allowances each year.
2013 cap for emissions from fixed installations is set at 2,084,301,856 allowances. Between 2013-2020, this cap decreases each year by 1.74%, amounting to a reduction of 38,264,246 allowances each year.
By 2020, reduce GHG emissions by at least 20%.
By 2050, 80-95% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels.
By 2030, at least 40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels covering 100% of GHG eimissions, to be fulfilled jointly between EU countries.
