By 2020, 30% reduction of GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels. (NDC)
Participates in the EU ETS (Norway Links with EU ETS). 2013 cap for emissions from fixed installations is set at 2,084,301,856 allowances as part of Phase 3. Between 2013-2020, this cap decreases each year by 1.74%, amounting to a reduction of 38,264,246 allowances each year (EU Emissions Cap). Auctioning is the default method for allocating allowances and 300 million allowances set aside in the New Entrants Reserve to fund the deployment of innovative renewable energy technologies and carbon capture and storage through the NER 300 programme (Phase 3). In 2021, the pace of annual reductions in allowances increases to 2.2% as of 2021 as part of Phase 4. Phase 4 will also continue the free allocation of allowances as well as include low-carbon funding mechanisms (Phase 4).
By 2020, 14% reduction in national greenhouse gas emissions, compared to 2005 levels, as stated in EU Effort Sharing Decision. National Emission Target under EU Effort Sharing
By 2050, 50% reduction in primary energy consumption from 2008 levels. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
By 2020, 20% reduction in primary energy consumption from 2008 levels. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Implements EU Decision 2016/1433 of August 2016 establishing that the Biomass Biofuels Sustainability Voluntary Scheme certification scheme meets the sustainability criteria under European Parliament and Council Directives. This is a voluntary scheme that verifies compliance with the EU’s biofuels sustainability criteria. Establishes that the production of biofuel did not occur on land with high biodiversity or that land with high carbon stock was not converted for biofuel production.
Aims to promote sustainable development in the best interests of individuals, society and future generations. All plans made to buildings pursuant to this act (erection, demolition, alteration, and other projects related to buildings, structures and installations, as well as physical alteration of the land and the establishment and alteration of property) are to take the climate into account in energy supply and transport solutions.
Promotes sustainable management of forest resources. Requires rejuvenation of forests after harvest, puts restrictions on road construction in forests, establishes a forest fund to support sustainable management practices, and details penalties for non-compliance of various measures. Notes that The Ministry may impose further regulations on forest management in forest areas of particular environmental value linked to biological diversity, landscapes, outdoor life, or cultural heritage.
Aims to limit GHG emissions via a trading mechanism. Establishes government authority over the number of allowances to be allocated and which of these allowances will be issued free of charge. Regulates reporting and control related to emissions and allowances and sets out penal measures for those operators not complying with reporting obligations.
By 2020, 30-40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels.
From 1990, Norway has excised a CO2 tax on petroleum which is burnt, natural gas discharged to air, on CO2 separated from petroleum and discharged to air, and on installations used in connection with production or transportation of petroleum. Over time the CO2 tax has been expanded and as of 2017 is NOK 450 per tonne of CO2 for many sources (mineral oil, natural gas, LPG, petrol and diesel) (Seventh National Communication).
By 2030, achieve carbon neutrality.
By 2050, achieve carbon neutrality (and possibility to further tighten this time-frame).
By 2020, 30% reduction of GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels.
By 2030, at least 40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, covering energy, industrial process and product use, agriculture, land-use and land-use change, forestry, and waste.
By 2040, 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, compared to 1990 levels. Energy Concept 2010
By 2030, 49-51% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the industry sector, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
By 2030, at least 55% reduction in greenhouse gases, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
By 2050, 80 to 95% percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, compared to 1990 levels. Climate Change Action Plan (Klimaschutzplan) 2050
Provides guidance to all areas of action in the process to achieve domestic climate targets in line with the Paris Agreement. Areas of action include: energy, buildings, transport, trade and industry, agriculture and forestry. Key goal is to establish long-term targets aligned with national greenhouse gas neutrality by 2050, including sector-specific milestones for 2030. The plan will be fleshed out with programs and measures , with the first program to be adopted in 2018.
Until 2020, the cap on total aviation allowances was originally set at 210,349,264 per year and has been increased by 116,524 allowances per year from 1 January 2014 onwards to account for Croatia’s full integration into the EU ETS (EU Emissions Trading Scheme – aviation cap).
2013 cap for emissions from fixed installations is set at 2,084,301,856 allowances as part of Phase 3. Between 2013-2020, this cap decreases each year by 1.74%, amounting to a reduction of 38,264,246 allowances each year (EU Emissions Cap). Auctioning is the default method for allocating allowances and 300 million allowances set aside in the New Entrants Reserve to fund the deployment of innovative renewable energy technologies and carbon capture and storage through the NER 300 programme (Phase 3). In 2021, the pace of annual reductions in allowances increases to 2.2%.(Phase 4).
By 2030, at least 40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels covering 100% of GHG emissions, to be fulfilled jointly between EU countries.
Establishes a moratorium on new licenses to convert primary natural forests and peat lands. This is part of Indonesia’s commitments under the Letter of Intent signed with the Kingdom of Norway in May 2011 and is intended to facilitate Indonesia’s REDD+ activities.
Establishes agency and its directive to manage and implement REDD+ in Indonesia: develop a national strategy for implementation and develop REDD+ safeguards, standards, and methodologies to measure GHG emissions. Aims at reducing GHG emissions from deforestation and degradation of forest and peatlands and maintain and increase carbon stock through forest conservation, sustainable forest management, and/or rehabilitation and restoration of damaged forest area.
By 2030, 41% conditional reduction in GHG emissions in energy, waste, industrial process and product use, agriculture, and forestry, against BAU scenario, subject to availability of international support for finance, technology transfer and development and capacity building.
By 2030, 29% reduction in GHG emissions in energy, waste, industrial process and product use, agriculture, and forestry against BAU scenario.
By 2020, 26% reduction in GHG emissions in energy, waste, industrial process and product use, agriculture, and forestry, against BAU scenario.
By 2030, on a conditional basis, shall not exceed net emissions of 369 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2eq).
By 2030, shall not exceed net emissions of 483 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2eq).
Launches a government-supported initiative to plant 20 million trees by 2020, to re-establish green corridors and urban forests and to promote environment conservation and carbon reduction.
Allows farmers and land managers to earn carbon credits by storing carbon or reducing greenhouse gas emissions on the land. These credits can then be sold to people and businesses wishing to offset their emissions. Encourages sustainable farming and providing a source of funding for landscape restoration projects. The CFI is a legislated offsets scheme.
By 2030, 26-28% reduction in GHG emissions, economy-wide, below 2005 levels.
By 2030, avoid up to 130 million tons of CO2eq.
By 2030, reduce energy intensity by 25%, compared with 2005 levels.
By 2030, conditional reduction of up to 25% of GHG emissions, compared to 2005 levels, subject to adequate and enhanced access to technology development and transfer, financial resources and capacity building support.
By 2030, 20% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 2005 levels, economy-wide.
Establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community (EU), directive 2003/87/EC.
By 2020, improve energy efficiency by 20% (Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency (EED)).
Sets a trajectory for the carbon component of domestic consumption tax rates for the 2018-2022 period. The value of the carbon component of the tariffs for these taxes is set at 44.60 euros / tonne of CO2 in 2018, 55 euros in 2019 and 65, 40 euros in 2020, to reach 86.20 euros in 2022
Aims at better monitoring of waste as well as countering against chemical waste trafficking and unregulated waste disposal.
Establishes that as of 1 January 2020, at least 40% of paper products, stationery and fiber-based prints acquired by state services and local authorities and their groupings are to be made from recycled paper, with the rest to come from sustainably managed forests.
Establishes that as of 1 January 2017, at least 25% of paper products, stationery and fiber-based prints acquired by state services and local authorities and their groupings are to be made from recycled paper, with the rest to come from sustainably managed forests.
By 2030, establish an increase in the carbon tax on fossil fuel, from the 2015 rate of €14.5 to €100 per ton, pending ratification of annual budget.
By 2020, establish an increase in the carbon tax on fossil fuel, from the 2015 rate of €14.5 to €56 per ton in 2020, pending ratification of annual budget.
Increase the share of renewables up to 32% of the energy mix by 2030.
By 2030, reduce France’s reliance on nuclear power from the current 75% (2015) to 50% and cap the total output from nuclear power at 63.2 GW.
By 2050, reduce the share of fossil fuels in energy production by 30% compared to 2012.
By 2050, reduce GHG emissions by 75% by 2050 from 1990, and reduce national energy usage by at least 50%.
By 2030, reduce GHG emissions by 40% from 1990.
By 2030, at least 40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels covering 100% of GHG emissions, to be fulfilled jointly between EU countries.
States that Canada’s forests and lands will continue to play an important role in sequestering substantial amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Without consideration of the global land sector, the 1.5 to 2°C temperature goal will be very hard to achieve.
By 2018, aims to ensure carbon-pricing systems are implemented throughout Canada by 2018. With a federal benchmark calling a price starting at $10/tonne in 2018 and a $10/year increase until it reaches $50/tonne in 2022.
Provides funding for municipal environmental initiatives that improve air, water, and soil, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. GMF funding is available to all Canadian municipal governments and their partners for eligible projects. Endowed with $550 million.
By 2018, aims to ensure carbon-pricing systems are implemented throughout Canada by 2018. With a federal benchmark calling a price starting at $10/tonne in 2018 and a $10/year increase until it reaches $50/tonne in 2022.
By 2030, achieve an economy-wide target to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 30% below 2005 levels. (Canada First NDC Revised: 11/05/2017)
By 2018, aims to increase the percentage of sustainably harvested forest resources to 58.7% from 31.6% in 2013, to reach 94% of forest areas certified under “good forest management practice,” to include at least 10.2% of forest area in the ‘payment for ecosystem services’ scheme, to increase the percentage of restored or rehabilitated forest area to 5.45% from 0.71% in 2013 (out of the areas designated for restoration), to reduce the percentage of wood sold on illegal markets to 0% from 27.6% in 2012, to achieve 8,750,000 tons of avoided CO2e emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and to increase by 30% the credits allocated for forestry development and conservation programs by the Development Bank of Mexico since 2012.
Aims to increase sustainable production and productivity of forests and to promote conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems and protect forest ecosystems.
Establishes the National Forestry Program 2014-2018, which aims to reduce GHG emissions and climate change impacts through the protection and development of forest ecosystems.
By 2024, generate at least 35% of power with clean technologies.
Launches MÉXICO2, a voluntary exchange that provides carbon credits to companies that develop environmentally friendly projects in the country. These credits can be used to offset costs from the carbon tax. The Mexican Stock Exchange (BVM) operates the program.
Establishes a tax on carbon from fossil fuel use, charging $3.50 per ton of emissions.
Establishes a voluntary market for emissions trading to promote GHG reductions in a cost-effective, verifiable, measurable and reportable manner (and establishes a framework for accounting of GHG emissions).
By 2050, reduce GHG emissions by 50% compared to 2000, subject to the availability of financial resources and technology transfer.
By 2020, reduce GHG emissions 30% below BAU, subject to the availability of financial resources and technology transfer.
Between 2013 to 2030, reduce emissions intensity per unit of GDP by around 40%.
By 2026, reach net emissions peak, decoupling GHG emissions from economic growth.
By 2030, reduce 25% of its Greenhouse Gases and Short Lived Climate Pollutants emissions below BAU (973 MtCO2eq per year) levels. This commitment implies a reduction of 22% of GHG and a reduction of 51% of Black Carbon. The 25% reduction could increase up to a 40% in a conditional manner, subject to a global agreement addressing important topics including international carbon price, carbon border adjustments, technical cooperation, access to low-cost financial resources and technology transfer, all at a scale commensurate to the challenge of global climate change. Within the same conditions, GHG reductions could increase up to 36%, and Black Carbon reductions to 70% by 2030.
Financial incentives for farmers to retire land from productions for 10-15 years if the land is of particular environmental importance.
By 2025, 26-28% reductions in GHG emissions compared to 2005 levels. This target is set under the US INDC, however it has since been announced that the US will withdraw from the Paris Agreement. We note that despite this announcement, as at currently, the US still remains in the Paris Agreement.
The Brazilian National Development Bank has established the Amazon Fund, which raises funds to finance projects which address deforestation, as well as generate emission reductions.
Brazil continues to be an active participant to implement mitigation actions under REDD+.
The Brazilian government has announced that by 2030, it will restore 12 million hectares of deforested and degraded forest land.
By 2030, reduce illegal deforestation to zero.
The Brazilian government has announced that by 2030, it will implement 5 million hectares of integrated crop, livestock and forest management.
The Brazilian government has announced that by 2020, it will restore 5 million hectares of degraded pasture land.
An indicative 2030 target of a 43% reduction of economy wide GHG emissions below 2005 levels.
By 2025, 37% reduction of economy wide GHG emissions below 2005 levels.
A draft national carbon tax bill has been proposed but not yet implemented.
From the end of 2020, it is intended that economy wide GHG emissions will peak, plateau and decline. Under this trajectory, by 2025 and 2030, national emissions will range between 398 and 614 MtCO2-eq.
Recommendations have been made for the UK government to introduce more sustainable and efficient policies for the food and farming industry.
The UK currently implements the EU ETS with an additional floor price. Recommendations have been made by the Committee on Climate Change that the EU ETS should at least be mirrored under UK laws or that UK should remain in the EU ETS.
By 2032, at least 57% economy wide reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, based on a 5-year carbon budget.
By 2027, at least 51% economy wide reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, based on a 5-year carbon budget.
By 2022, at least 37% economy wide reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, based on a 5-year carbon budget.
By 2017, at least 31% economy wide reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels, based on a 5-year carbon budget.
By 2050, reduce economy wide GHG emissions by at least 80% compared to a 1990 levels.
The Carbon Plan outlines scenarios to meet the UK 5-year carbon budgets up to 2027.
Long term goal to bring 33% of India’s geographic area under forest cover, and aim to increase forest cover by 5 million hectares. (Green India Mission)
By 2030, reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 33-35% below the 2005 level.
By 2020, reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 20-25% below the 2005 level.
By the 2030 fiscal year, remove 37 million tonnes of CO2 through cropland management, grazing land management, and revegetation. This is equivalent to a 2.6% reduction based on the 2013 fiscal year. (Global Warming Countermeasure Promotion Act)
The Japanese greenhouse gas emission reduction certification system (J-credit) generates offsetting credits for approved methodologies applied within Japan. It covers sectors including energy, industrial processes, agriculture, waste and forestry.
The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) allows Japanese and foreign firms to invest in emission reduction projects and programs in developing countries to earn offset credits. It covers sectors including electricity production and distribution, transportation, industry and waste management.
By 2050, an 80% economy wide reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, with the base year unclear. (The Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures under the Global Warming Countermeasure Promotion Act)
By fiscal year 2030, a 26% economy wide reduction of greenhouse emissions below 2013 levels, equivalent to a 25.4% reduction below 2005 levels. (The Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures under the Global Warming Countermeasure Promotion Act)
Aim to turn 1 million hectares of marginal cropland into forest or grassland and increase forest coverage to 23.04% by 2020.
Planned national emissions trading scheme which covers sectors including power, petrochemicals, chemicals, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, building production and materials, pulp and paper, and aviation.
By 2050, more than 50% of primary energy consumption to come from non-fossil energy.
Around 2030 or earlier, for economy wide CO2 emissions to peak.
By 2030, 60-65% economy wide reduction of carbon emissions per unit of GDP below 2005 levels.
By 2020, 18% economy wide reduction of carbon emissions per unit of GDP below 2015 levels.
The South Korean Emissions Trading Scheme covers 525 businesses from 23 sub-sectors including steel, cement, petrochemicals, refinery, power, buildings, waste and aviation.
By 2030, a 37% reduction of emissions compared to business-as-usual levels.
20% of 2014-2020 EU budget is dedicated to climate mitigation and adaptation.
Proposed by the European Commission that from 2021, lower the emission cap by 2.2% per year.
Until 2020,allowances for the aviation sector of 210,465,788 allowances each year.
2013 cap for emissions from fixed installations is set at 2,084,301,856 allowances. Between 2013-2020, this cap decreases each year by 1.74%, amounting to a reduction of 38,264,246 allowances each year.
By 2020, reduce GHG emissions by at least 20%.
By 2050, 80-95% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels.
By 2030, at least 40% reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990 levels covering 100% of GHG eimissions, to be fulfilled jointly between EU countries.
